MASS TRANSFER AND SEPARATION Question Papers (Regular, November 2007)
Wednesday, October 15, 2008
SET :1
1. (a) For a binary gaseous mixture of A and B show that DAB = DBA
(b) A mixture of He and N2 gas contained in a pipe at 298 K and 1.01325×105 N/m2 total pressure, which is constant through out. At one end of the pipe at point 1 the partial pressure pA1 of He is 0.60795×105 N/m2 and other end 0.2 m, pA2 = 0.202655×105 N/m2. Calculate the flux of He at steady state if DAB of He-N2 mixture is 0.687×10−4 m2/sec. [6+10]
2. (a) Give the physical significances of the dimensionless groups in mass transfer
(b) In order to measure the gas-phase mass transfer coefficient in a stirred cell at a given stirrer speed, absorption of ammonia diluted with dry air in aqueous sulphuric acid is carried out for a given period of time. The gas in the cell is well-stirred and the cross-sectional area is 31.5 cm2. If the volume of acid taken is 100 ml at 1(N) concentration and at the end of 20 minutes the liquid
is found to contain 0.82 g mole ammonia per litre, calculate the gas-phase mass transfer coefficient. [8+8]
3. In certain equipment used for the absorption of SO2 from air by water, at one section, the gas and liquid phase concentrations of the solute are 10 mole% and 4 mole% respectively. The solution density is 4592 Kg/m3. At the given temperature (40 C) and pressure (10 atm), the distribution of the SO2 between air and water can be approximately described as pA = 25 xA , where pA is the partial pressure of SO2 in the gas phase in atm. The individual mass transfer coefficients are kx = 10 kmol / (h) (m2) ( Δ x) and ky = 8. Calculate the overall coefficient, KG in kmol /(h) (m2) ( Δ p, mm Hg) and xAi and PAi at the gas-liquid interface. [16]
4. The equilibrium partial pressures (p. p) of carbon dioxide over solutions of mono
ethanolamine are as follows:
X 0.058 0.06 0 0.062 0.064 0.66 0.068 0.070
Partial pressure 5.6 13 29 56 99 155 232
of CO2 (mmHg)
A plant for manufacturing dry ice will burn coke in air to produce a flue gas which when cooled will contain 20% CO2, and 80% N2. The gas will be blown into a bubble tray scrubber at 1.2 atm and 250C to be scrubbed with mono ethanolamine solution entering at 250C. The scrubbing liquid which is recycled from a stripper will contain 0.058 mol CO2/mole of solution. The gas leaving the scrubber is to contain 2% CO2. Assume isothermal operation. Determine the number of theoretical trays required for an L/G ratio of 1.2 times the minimum. [16]
5. (a) A charge of 100kmol mixture containing 50 mol % n-heptane and 50 mol % n-octane is to be batch distilled at atmospheric pressure to get 75 kmol of the liquid distilled. Compute the composition of the composite distillate and residue.
X 0.5 0.45 0.40 0.35 0.30 0.25 0.20 0.15
Y* 0.6846 0.6384 0.5846 0.5307 0.4692 0.4153 0.3307 0.2615
(b) Derive modified Rayleighs equation. [8+8]
6. (a) What are the different coordinates by which liquid-liquid equilibrium can be represented?
(b) Discuss cross current multistage extraction operation of insoluble liquids? [8+8]
7. (a) Name five of the most important commercial adsorbents? What is the distinguishing feature of the molecular-sieve zeolites?
(b) What is the BET equation used for? Does it assume physical or chemical adsorption? Does it assume monomolecular or multimolecular adsorption?
(c) What is meant by loading in adsorption? [8+4+4]
8. Describe briefly Micro filtration and ultra filtration and also write their industrial applications. [16]
SET :2
1. (a) What are various method available to get the relation between NA& NB?
(b) Water in the bottom of a narrow tube is held at constant temperature of 293 K. The total pressure of air (assumed dry) is 1.01×105 Pa and the temperature is 293K. Water evaporates and diffuses through air in the tube and the diffusion path is 0.152 m long. Calculate the rate of evaporation at steady state in kg mol/s m2.The diffusivity of water at 293 K and 1 atm is 0.25×10−4 m2 /sec. [6+10]
2. Discuss the correlation between Sherwood, Schmidt and Reynolds for flow insides pipes, flow outside tubes parallel to axis, flow normal to cylinders, flow normal to tube bundle and flow past single spheres. [16]
3. (a) The solubility of A in water is 0.5 kmol/m3 at a partial pressure of 60 mm Hg. If the total pressure is 1.2 atm and the Henry’s law is applicable, calculate the Henry’s law constant.
(b) What are parameters which will effect the equilibrium diagram.
(c) What is Marangoni effect? [6+6+4]
4. (a) Differentiate between absorption and adsorption with suitable example.
(b) Explain Vant Hoff law of equilibrium.
(c) When ideal solution will be formed. [6+6+4]
5. 100 Moles of an acetonitrile ? nitromethane is differentially distilled in a batch still at a pressure of 70kpa .The feed contains 74mole % acetonitrile. Distillation is continued till the liquid left behind in the still contains 32 mole % acetonitrile. The vapor-liquid equilibrium for the system at this pressure is correlated as follows:
Y*=1.05x+0.13 for 0.3 < x < 0.52 and
Y*=0.77x+0.28 for 0.52< 0.80
Where x and y* refer to the mole fraction of acetonitrile in the liquid and equilibrium vapor respectively. Find the average composition of the distillate collected and also calculate quantities of distillate and residue product. [16]
6. (a) Define leaching?
(b) What is lixiviation?
(c) What is decoction?
(d) Write short notes on applications of leaching operation. [4+4+4+4]
7. Derive an expression for the estimation of height of fixed bed adsorber for given solute removal. [16]
8. Describe briefly Micro filtration and ultra filtration and also write their industrial applications. [16]
SET :3
1. (a) Explain briefly various methods for the estimation of liquid diffusivity coefficients.
(b) Calculate the rate of diffusion of trichloroacetic acid across non-diffusing methanol
solution of 0.1 cm thick at 20 C, when the concentrations on the opposite sides of the methanol film are 6% and 2% by weight of acid. The densities of 6% and 2% acid solutions are 1.012 gm/cm3 and 1.003 gm/cm3 respectively. The diffusion coefficient at infinite dilution of trichloro acetic acid in methanol is 1.862×10−5 cm2/s. [8+8]
2. (a) Write short note on Convective Mass Transfer Coefficients.
(b) A large volume of pure gas B at 1 atm pressure is flowing over a surface from which pure A is vaporizing. The liquid A completely wets the surface which is a blotting paper. Hence the partial pressure of A at the surface is the vapor pressure of A at 298 K which is 0.2 atm. The ky has been estimated to be 6.78 ×10−15 kgmol/s.m2. mol fraction. Calculate NA, the vaporization rate
and also the value of ky and kG. [6+10]
3. Describe the diffusion between phases and show how the equilibrium distribution curve varies as a function of temperature and pressure taking a system of liquid water and gaseous mixture ammonia and air? [16]
4. A solvent is to be recovered from a solvent-air mixture by scrubbing with a water in a packed tower at a pressure of 101.3 kN/m2 and at a temperature of 300K. The solvent vapour enters the tower at a rate of 0.1kg/s and has a concentration of 2% by volume. It is necessary to recover 99.9% of the solvent; for the packing selected the optimum gas and water flow rates are known to be 1.3 and 2.0 kg/m2s respectively. Calculate the height and diameter of the tower. The data required is as follows:
Overall mass transfer coefficient KGa = 0.0389 kg/s m2(kN/m2)
Equilibrium diagram Pe = 0.02 x; where Pe equilibrium pressure of the solvent kN/m2 and x the mole fraction of the solvent in water. The molecular weight of the solvent and air are 70 and 29 kg/kmol, respectively. [16]
5. A mixture of acetone and phenol (40 mass % acetone) is flashed consecutively in a cascade consisting two flash drums at 1 atm. The feed enters at a rate of 3000 kg/h and half of it is flashed in the first flash drum. The liquid from the first drum is heated and flashed again in the second drum. What fraction of the feed entering the second drum should be vaporized so that the residue contains not more than 1 mass % acetone? The vapour-liquid equilibrium data of the acetone-phenol system are given below. [16]
X: 0.01 0.04 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.90 0.96 0.99
Y: 0.67 0.776 0.852 0.91 0.94 0.962 0.98 0.99 0.991 0.994 0.997 0.999 0.9996
6. (a) Why are triangular diagrams useful for liquid-liquid equilibrium calculations with a ternary system? On such a diagram, what are the miscibility boundary, plait point, and tie lines?
(b) Explain briefly solutropic system.
(c) Write the procedure for estimation of number of stages if liquid-liquid extraction is carried out in cross current operation. [6+5+5]
7. (a) What is an adsorption isotherm? How can the heat of adsorption be determined from a series of isotherms?
(b) What is ideal fixed-bed adsorption? What assumptions are necessary for it to apply? What is meant by breakthrough? [8+8]
8. Write the working principle of Ultra filtration. Explain commercial application of ultra filtration. [16]
SET :4
1. Ammonia gas and Nitrogen gas are diffusing in counter currently through diffusion a straight glass tube 0.61 m long with an inside diameter of 24.4 mm at 298 K and 101.32 K Pa. Both ends of the tube are connected to large mixed chambers at 101.32 K Pa. The partial pressure of NH3 in one chamber is constant at 20 K Pa and 6.666 K Pa in the other chamber. The diffusivity at 298K and 101.32 K Pa is 2.30×10−5 m2 /sec.
(a) Calculate the rate of diffusion of NH3 in kg mol/s
(b) Calculate the rate of diffusion diffusion of N2
(c) Calculate the partial pressure at a point 0.305 m in the tube and plot pA, pB and pt verses distance z. [16]
2. (a) Discuss the important and applications of mass transfer analogies.
(b) A plate, 0.5 m square, coated with a layer of benzoic acid, is placed in a stream of water flowing at a velocity of 0.25m/sec at a temperature of 21 C. Calculate the average rate of dissolution of the acid per unit area of the plate and also the mass transfer. The following data are available: solubility of benzoic acid in water at 25 C= 3.01 kg /m3; diffusivity of benzoic acid in water =10 −9 m2 /s and velocity of water at 25 C=8.9×10−4 kg/m.s. [8+8]
3. Describe the diffusion between phases and show how the equilibrium distribution curve varies as a function of temperature and pressure taking a system of liquid water and gaseous mixture ammonia and air? [16]
4. A solvent is to be recovered from a solvent-air mixture by scrubbing with a water in a packed tower at a pressure of 101.3 kN/m2 and at a temperature of 300K. The solvent vapour enters the tower at a rate of 0.1kg/s and has a concentration of 2% by volume. It is necessary to recover 99.9% of the solvent; for the packing selected the optimum gas and water flow rates are known to be 1.3 and 2.0 kg/m2s respectively. Calculate the height and diameter of the tower. The data required is as follows:
Overall mass transfer coefficient KGa = 0.0389 kg/s m2(kN/m2)
Equilibrium diagram Pe = 0.02 x; where Pe equilibrium pressure of the solvent kN/m2 and x the mole fraction of the solvent in water. The molecular weight of the solvent and air are 70 and 29 kg/kmol, respectively. [16]
5. (a) Explain with figure the effect of different feed conditions in a distillation column. Write about the importance of q-line. Also write short notes on feedtray location.
(b) Explain P-x-y diagram. [12+4]
6. Write about the system of three liquids -one pairs partially soluble with the help of an equilibrium diagram and suitable example. Also discuss the effect of temperature on the above system. [16]
7. (a) Draw a graph showing different types of absorption isotherms for vapors and explain.
(b) Explain in detail about single stage adsorption. [8+8]
8. (a) Define flux and separation factor for membranes gas separators and also write the relevant equations.
(b) Explain briefly the effects of process flow patterns on separation and membrane area. [8+8]
comments (0) Permalink
LABELS: MASS TRANSFER AND SEPERATIONS (MTS)
MASS TRANSFER AND SEPARATION Question Papers (Regular, November 2007, RR)
POSTED BY M.S.CHOWDARY AT 12:32 AM
SET :1
1. Develop expressions for the estimation of flux in Gaseous systems for ‘A’ through stagnant ‘B’. [16]
2. (a) Distinguish between Eddy and Molecular Diffusion?
(b) Explain Penetration Theory versus Two Film Theory? [8+8]
3. A solution of CCl4 and CS2 containing 50% wt each is to be continuously fractionated at 1 atm at the rate of 4000 kg/hr. Distillate product is to contain 95% wt CS2 and residue 0.5%. The feed will be 30% mole vapourised before it enters the tower. Total condenser will be used and reflux returned at bubble point. Determine
(a) Product rates.
(b) Theoretical trays for a reflux ratio of twice the minimum. The equilibrium data is as follows. [8+8]
X 0.11 0.26 0.39 0.53 0.66 0.76 0.86
Y 0.27 0.49 0.63 0.75 0.83 0.88 0.93
4. A Blend of 50% Toluene liquid and 50% Benzene liquid volume is being separated by fractionation into an over head product that has 10 mole percent Toluene and a bottom product that has 0.5 mole percent Benzene. The blend is fractionated at the rate of 10000 gal/day. How many gallons of each product is produced, if the reflux ratio is 4. A sample of vapour from one of the trays above the feed tray was taken and found to contain 20% Toluene. What was the composition of the liquid from the tray along the point of which the sample of vapour was taken? [16]
5. Explain the terms constant and variable under flow conditions? [16]
6. Explain the method of leaching vegetable oil seeds for extraction of Oil? [16]
7. Explain multistage counter current adsorption. Give some applications. [10+6]
8. (a) Explain types of flow in gas permeation.
(b) In what way pervaporation is different from other membrane separations, explain. [8+8]
SET :2
1. Obtain an expression for the steady state Equimolal counter diffusion of two gases starting from fundamentals? [16]
2. It is desired to estimate the mass transfer coefficient KG in kg mol/m2s p.a for water vapour in air at 338.6 k and 101.32 Kpa flowing in a large duct past different geometry solids. The velocity of the duct is 3.66 m/s. The water vapour concentration in the air is transferred to the solids. Do this for the following geometries.
(a) A single 25.4 mm - diameter sphere.
(b) A packed bed of 25.4 mm sphere with ε = 0.35 [8+8]
3. A liquid feed consisting of 1200 kg moles of mixture containing 30% Naphthalene and 70% Dipropylene Glycol is differentially distilled at 100 mm Hg pressure and final distillate contains 55% of Naphthalene. The VLE data are
X 8.4 11.6 2.8 50.6 68.7 80.6 88
Y 22.3 41.1 62.9 74.8 80.2 84.4 88
(a) Determine the amount of distillate.
(b) Determine the concentration of Naphthalene in residue and distillate? [8+8]
4. A rectification column is fed 100 kg mol/h of a mixture of 50 mol% Benzene and 50 mol% Toluene at 101.32 Kpa abs pressure. The feed is liquid at the boiling point. The distillate is to contain 90 mol% Benzene and the bottoms 10 mol% Benzene. The reflux ratio is 4.52:1. Calculate the kg mol/h distillate, kg mol/h bottoms and the number of theoretical trays needed using Mc Cabe Thiele Method. [16]
5. (a) What is a plait point?
(b) Draw the flow diagram for continuous counter current multistage extraction operation. [6+10]
6. Seeds containing 20 percent by weight of oil are extracted in a counter current plant and 90 percent of the oil is recovered in a solution containing 50 percent by weight of oil. If the seeds are extracted with fresh solvent and 1 kg of solution is removed in the underflow in association with every 2 kg of insoluble matter, how many ideal stages are required? [16]
7. (a) Explain in detail break through curve and its significance?
(b) Indicate how rate of adsorption in fixed beds is estimated. [8+8]
8. Explain the Ultrafiltration, microfiltration and Reverse Osmosis with examples. [4+4+4+4]
SET :3
1. Obtain an expression for the steady state Equimolal counter diffusion of two gases starting from fundamentals? [16]
2. (a) Distinguish between Eddy and Molecular Diffusion?
(b) Explain Penetration Theory versus Two Film Theory? [8+8]
3. A solution of CCl4 and CS2 containing 50% wt each is to be continuously fractionated at 1 atm at the rate of 4000 kg/hr. Distillate product is to contain 95% wt CS2 and residue 0.5%. The feed will be 30% mole vapourised before it enters the tower. Total condenser will be used and reflux returned at bubble point. Determine
(a) Product rates.
(b) Theoretical trays for a reflux ratio of twice the minimum. The equilibrium data is as follows. [8+8]
X 0.11 0.26 0.39 0.53 0.66 0.76 0.86
Y 0.27 0.49 0.63 0.75 0.83 0.88 0.93
4. A rectification column is fed 100 kg mol/h of a mixture of 50 mol% Benzene and 50 mol% Toluene at 101.32 Kpa abs pressure. The feed is liquid at the boiling point. The distillate is to contain 90 mol% Benzene and the bottoms 10 mol% Benzene. The reflux ratio is 4.52:1. Calculate the kg mol/h distillate, kg mol/h bottoms and the number of theoretical trays needed using Mc Cabe Thiele Method. [16]
5. With the help of neat sketches, explain briefly the various types of commercial extraction equipment. [16]
6. Soyabean flakes containing 22 wt% oil are to be leached in a counter current multistage to contain 0.8 kg oil/ 100 kg inert solid. Using fresh and pure hexane solvent.For every 1000 kg soyabeans, 1000 kg Hexane is used. Experiments give the following retention of solution with the solids in the underflow, where N is kg inertsolid/ kg solution retained and YA is wt. fraction of oil in solution.
N 1.73 1.52 1.43
YA 0 0.20 0.30
Calculate the exit flows and compositions and the number of theoretical stages required? [16]
7. Explain Freundlich equation and its application. Explain fixed bed adsorption? [8+8=16]
8. A liquid containing solute A at a concentration C1 = 3 ×10−2 kg mol/m3 is flowing rapidly by a membrane of thickness L=3.0×10−5 m. The distribution coefficient K′=1.5 and DAB = 7.0×10−11m2/s in the membrane. The solute diffuses through the membrane and its concentration on the other side is C2 = 0.50×10−2kgmol/m3. The mass transfer coefficient KC1 is large and can be considered as infinite and KC2=2.02 ×10−5 kmol/m2s mol fraction. Calculate the flux and the concentrations at the membrane interfaces? [16]
SET :4
1. Obtain an expression for the steady state Equimolal counter diffusion of two gases starting from fundamentals? [16]
2. (a) Distinguish between Eddy and Molecular Diffusion?
(b) Explain Penetration Theory versus Two Film Theory? [8+8]
3. An equimolar mixture of A and B is flash distilled such that 65% of the feed is in product distillate of the total moles fed. Compute the composition of the distillate and residue. Vapour liquid equilibrium data is as follows.
X (mole) % 8 10 20 30 40 50 70 80 95
Y (mole) % 37 42 58 67 73 78 87 96 98
x and y represent the composition of A in liquid and vapour phase respectively.[16]
4. A Methanol - water solution containing 36 mole% Methanol at 26.70C is to be continuously rectified at 1 std atmosphere at a rate of 5000 kg/hr to provide distillate containing 91.5 mole% Methanol and a residue containing 99.5 mole% of water. The feed is introduced at its boiling point. The distillation is totally condensed and the reflux is returned at its bubble point. A reflux ratio of 1.5 times the minimum is used. Determine using enthalpy-concentration diagram.
(a) Quantity of products in kg/hr.
(b) Minimum Reflux ratio.
(c) Number of Ideal Plates.
Mole fraction Enthalpies Saturated liquid KJ/Kmol Saturated Vapour
0 8000 48000
1 7500 39000
Mole% of Methanol in liquid X 4 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 95
Mole%ofMethanol invapour Y 23 42 58 66 73 78 82 87 91 96 98
[5+5+6]
5. A 25% (weight%) solution of dioxane in water is to be continuously extracted in counter current fashion with Benzene to remove 95% of the dioxane in feed. If the feed rate is 1000 kg/hr estimate the
(a) Minimum solvent required and
(b) Theoretical stages needed if 900 kg/hr of solvent is used
Wt% Dioxane in water 5.1 18.9 25.2
Wt% Dioxane in Benzene 5.2 22.5 32.0[8+8]
6. Seeds containing 20 percent by weight of oil are extracted in a counter current plant and 90 percent of the oil is recovered in a solution containing 50 percent by weight of oil. If the seeds are extracted with fresh solvent and 1 kg of solution is removed in the underflow in association with every 2 kg of insoluble matter, how many ideal stages are required? [16]
7. (a) Explain in detail break through curve and its significance?
(b) Indicate how rate of adsorption in fixed beds is estimated. [8+8]
8. A liquid containing solute A at a concentration C1 = 3 ×10−2 kg mol/m3 is flowing rapidly by a membrane of thickness L=3.0×10−5 m. The distribution coefficient K′=1.5 and DAB = 7.0×10−11m2/s in the membrane. The solute diffuses through the membrane and its concentration on the other side is C2 = 0.50×10−2kgmol/m3. The mass transfer coefficient KC1 is large and can be considered as infinite and KC2=2.02 ×10−5 kmol/m2s mol fraction. Calculate the flux and the concentrations at the membrane interfaces? [16]
comments (0) Permalink
LABELS: MASS TRANSFER AND SEPERATIONS (MTS)
MASS TRANSFER AND SEPARATION Question Papers (Supple, February 2007, RR)
POSTED BY M.S.CHOWDARY AT 12:32 AM
SET :1
1. Obtain an expression for the steady state Equimolal counter diffusion of two gases starting from fundamentals? [16]
2. (a) Distinguish between Eddy and Molecular Diffusion?
(b) Explain Penetration Theory versus Two Film Theory? [8+8]
3. A liquid mixture containing 40 mole% n-Heptane and 60 mole% n-Octane is subjected to differential distillation at atmospheric pressure with 60 mole% of the liquiddistilled. Compute the composition of the composited distillate and the residue.Take relative volatility α =2.16. [16]
4. A rectification column is fed 100 kg mol/h of a mixture of 50 mol% Benzene and 50 mol% Toluene at 101.32 Kpa abs pressure. The feed is liquid at the boiling point. The distillate is to contain 90 mol% Benzene and the bottoms 10 mol% Benzene. The reflux ratio is 4.52:1. Calculate the kg mol/h distillate, kg mol/h bottoms and the number of theoretical trays needed using Mc Cabe Thiele Method. [16]
5. (a) What is a plait point?
(b) Draw the flow diagram for continuous counter current multistage extraction operation. [6+10]
6. Soyabean flakes containing 22 wt% oil are to be leached in a counter current multistage to contain 0.8 kg oil/ 100 kg inert solid. Using fresh and pure hexane solvent. For every 1000 kg soyabeans, 1000 kg Hexane is used. Experiments give the following retention of solution with the solids in the underflow, where N is kg inert solid/ kg solution retained and YA is wt. fraction of oil in solution.
N 1.73 1.52 1.43
YA 0 0.20 0.30
Calculate the exit flows and compositions and the number of theoretical stages required? [16]
7. The equilibrium adsorption of Acetone vapour on an activated carbon at 300C and 1 atm is given by the following data
gm adsorbed / gm carbon 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.35 0.38
Partial pressure of Acetone mm Hg 0 2 12 42 92 120
The vapour pressure of Acetone at 350C is 283 mm Hg. A one liter flask contains air and Acetone vapour at 1 atm and 300C with a relative saturation of the vapour of 35%. Two grams of fresh activated carbon is introduced into the flask and the flask is sealed. Calculate the final vapour concentration at 300C and the final pressure. Neglect the adsorption of air. [16]
8. (a) Explain with a sketch the general membrane separation process.
(b) Classify the membrane processes based on the driving force.
(c) Differentiate between Ultrafiltration and Reverse Osmosis. [6+5+5]
SET :2
1. Obtain an expression for the steady state Equimolal counter diffusion of two gases starting from fundamentals? [16]
2. (a) Distinguish between Eddy and Molecular Diffusion?
(b) Explain Penetration Theory versus Two Film Theory? [8+8]
3. An equimolar mixture of A and B is flash distilled such that 65% of the feed is in product distillate of the total moles fed. Compute the composition of the distillate and residue. Vapour liquid equilibrium data is as follows.
X (mole) % 8 10 20 30 40 50 70 80 95
Y (mole) % 37 42 58 67 73 78 87 96 98
x and y represent the composition of A in liquid and vapour phase respectively.[16]
4. A rectification column is fed 100 kg mol/h of a mixture of 50 mol% Benzene and 50 mol% Toluene at 101.32 Kpa abs pressure. The feed is liquid at the boiling point. The distillate is to contain 90 mol% Benzene and the bottoms 10 mol% Benzene. The reflux ratio is 4.52:1. Calculate the kg mol/h distillate, kg mol/h bottoms and the number of theoretical trays needed using Mc Cabe Thiele Method. [16]
5. Nicotine in water containing 1% nicotine is to be extracted with kerosene at 200C water and kerosene are insoluble. Estimate the percentage extraction of Nicotine.
(a) If 100 kg of feed solution is extracted in a single stage with 150 kg of solvent.
(b) If 100 kg of feed solution is extracted in three theoretical stages using 50 kg of fresh solvent in each stage. [8+8]
6. Crushed oil seeds containing 55% oil (by weight) is to be extracted at the rate of 4000 kg/hr using 100 kg/min of n-hexane containing 5% oil (by weight) as the solvent. A counter current two stage extraction system is employed. The oil seeds will retain 1 kg of solution per kg of oil free cake. Estimate the percent recovery of oil obtained under the above conditions? [16]
7. (a) Explain in detail break through curve and its significance?
(b) Indicate how rate of adsorption in fixed beds is estimated. [8+8]
8. A liquid containing solute A at a concentration C1 = 3 ×10−2 kg mol/m3 is flowing rapidly by a membrane of thickness L=3.0×10−5 m. The distribution coefficient K′=1.5 and DAB = 7.0×10−11m2/s in the membrane. The solute diffuses through the membrane and its concentration on the other side is C2 = 0.50×10−2kgmol/m3. The mass transfer coefficient KC1 is large and can be considered as infinite and KC2=2.02 ×10−5 kmol/m2s mol fraction. Calculate the flux and the concentrations at the membrane interfaces? [16]
SET :3
1. Obtain an expression for the steady state Equimolal counter diffusion of two gases starting from fundamentals? [16]
2. Prove (or) show the following relationships starting with the equation.
(a) Convert K′C to KY and KG.
(b) Convert KL to Kx and K′x.
(c) Convert KG to KY and KC. [6+5+5]
3. A liquid feed consisting of 1200 kg moles of mixture containing 30% Naphthalene and 70% Dipropylene Glycol is differentially distilled at 100 mm Hg pressure and final distillate contains 55% of Naphthalene. The VLE data are
X 8.4 11.6 2.8 50.6 68.7 80.6 88
Y 22.3 41.1 62.9 74.8 80.2 84.4 88
(a) Determine the amount of distillate.
(b) Determine the concentration of Naphthalene in residue and distillate? [8+8]
4. A rectification column is fed 100 kg mol/h of a mixture of 50 mol% Benzene and 50 mol% Toluene at 101.32 Kpa abs pressure. The feed is liquid at the boiling point.MThe distillate is to contain 90 mol% Benzene and the bottoms 10 mol% Benzene. The reflux ratio is 4.52:1. Calculate the kg mol/h distillate, kg mol/h bottoms and the number of theoretical trays needed using Mc Cabe Thiele Method. [16]
5. Explain the following co-ordinate systems?
(a) Rectangular co-ordinate system.
(b) Triangular co-ordinate system.
(c) Rectangular co-ordinate system on solvent free basis. [5+5+6]
6. Soyabean flakes containing 22 wt% oil are to be leached in a counter current multi- stage to contain 0.8 kg oil/ 100 kg inert solid. Using fresh and pure hexane solvent. For every 1000 kg soyabeans, 1000 kg Hexane is used. Experiments give the following retention of solution with the solids in the underflow, where N is kg inert solid/ kg solution retained and YA is wt. fraction of oil in solution.
N 1.73 1.52 1.43
YA 0 0.20 0.30
Calculate the exit flows and compositions and the number of theoretical stage required? [16]
7. Discuss about fixed bed adsorption and its application in food industry. [16]
8. (a) Explain types of flow in gas permeation.
(b) In what way pervaporation is different from other membrane separations, explain. [8+8]
SET :4
1. Obtain an expression for the steady state Equimolal counter diffusion of two gases starting from fundamentals? [16]
2. (a) Distinguish between Eddy and Molecular Diffusion?
(b) Explain Penetration Theory versus Two Film Theory? [8+8]
3. A continuous fractionating column has to be designed for separating a liquid mixture of 4050 kg/hr containing equimolar amounts ofMethanol. The feed is vapourised. Calculate
(a) Molar flow rate of overhead and bottom product.
(b) The number of Actual plates assuming tray efficiency of 0.7
(c) Use a reflux ratio of 1.75 times the minimum reflux, locate the feed tray. Equilibrium Data
X 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9
Y 0.417 0.579 0.669 0.729 0.780 0.825 0.879 0.915 0.959
4. A rectification column is fed 100 kg mol/h of a mixture of 50 mol% Benzene and 50 mol% Toluene at 101.32 Kpa abs pressure. The feed is liquid at the boiling point. The distillate is to contain 90 mol% Benzene and the bottoms 10 mol% Benzene. The reflux ratio is 4.52:1. Calculate the kg mol/h distillate, kg mol/h bottoms and the number of theoretical trays needed using Mc Cabe Thiele Method. [16]
5. With the help of neat sketches, explain briefly the various types of commercial extraction equipment. [16]
6. A counter current multiple contact extraction system is treat 50 tons/hr of wet mass fraction. Water ̃ 0.48, pulp 0.04, and sugar 0.20. The strong solution leaving the system is to contain 0.15 mass fraction of sugar and 97% sugar in the sliced beets is to be removed. Determine the number of cells required assuming equilibrium between the under flow and overflow from each cell, if each ton of pulp retains 3 tons of water. [16]
7. (a) Explain in detail break through curve and its significance?
(b) Indicate how rate of adsorption in fixed beds is estimated. [8+8]
8. Explain:
(a) Effects of pressure ratio and separation factor on recovery.
(b) Effects of process flow patterns on separation and area. [8+8]
comments (0) Permalink
LABELS: MASS TRANSFER AND SEPERATIONS (MTS)
MASS TRANSFER AND SEPERATION Question Papers (Regular, 2006)
POSTED BY M.S.CHOWDARY AT 12:31 AM
SET: 4
1. (a) Write the Ficks law of diffusion for ‘Z’ direction. What is the significance of diffusion coefficient?
(b) Derive the equation for steady state diffusion of gas (A) through the wall of a hollow cylinder?
2. (a) Distinguish between Eddy and Molecular Diffusion?
(b) Explain Penetration Theory versus Two Film Theory?
3. (a) Write and explain Rayleigh’s equation?
(b) A binary mixture containing 15 mole percent n-Butane and 85% n-Pentane is
Subjected to simple Batch distillation at atmospheric pressure. If 80% of the Butane
is removed by distillation process, how much Pentane would be removed? What
would be the composition of the remaining liquid? Average relative velocity = 3.5
4. A saturated liquid feed of 200 mol/h at the boiling point containing 42mol% heptane and 58% ethyl Benzene is to be fractionated at 101.32 kpa abs to give a distillate containing 97mol% heptane and bottom containing 1.1mol% heptane. The reflux ratio used is 2: 5: 1. Calculate the mol/h distillate mol/h bottom bottoms, theoretical number of trays and the feed tray chamber. Equilibrium data are give at 101.32 kpa abs pressure for the mole fraction n-Heptane HX and HY.
5. (a) What is a plait point?
(b) Draw the flow diagram for diagram for continuous counter current multistage extraction operation.
6. Acetaldehyde(5%) is in solution in toulene and is to be extracted with water in a five stage co-current unit. If 25 kg water is used per 100 kg feed, find the amount of acetaldehyde extracted and the final concentration. If Y = KG Acetaldehyde/kg water and X = kg Acetaldehyde/kg toulene then Ye = 2.20x represents the equilibrium relation
7. (a) Explain in detail break through curve and its significance?
(b) indicate how rate of adsorption in fixed beds is estimated.
8. Discuss in brief about principles of ion exchange.
comments (0) Permalink
LABELS: MASS TRANSFER AND SEPERATIONS (MTS)
MASS TRANSFER AND SEPERATION Question Papers (Supple, 2005)
POSTED BY M.S.CHOWDARY AT 12:30 AM
SET: 1
1. Obtain an expression for steady state equimolar counter diffusion of two gases starting from fundamentals?
2. On the basis of Colburn analogy, estimate the value of mass transfer coefficient for the absorption of ammonia by the wet surface of a cylinder placed in a turbulent air stream flowing across the cylinder at 4.6m/sec. heat transfer coefficient as 1.357 × 10-4 KJ.
DATA FOR AIR PRANDTL NUMBER = 0.74
CP = 0.49 × 10-3 KJ/Kg K
DENSITY (ρ) = 0.0012 Kg/m3 and for
Dilute ammonia – air mixture Schmidt number is 0.61
3. A liquid mixture containing 50 mol% n- Heptane and 50 mol% n – octane is subject to a differential distillation at atmospheric pressure untill the residual liquid contains 35 mole % n-heptane. Using the equilibrium data determine the percentage of feed that is left over as residue.
X 0.50 0.46 0.42 0.38 0.34 0.32
Y 0.689 0.648 0.608 0.567 0.523 0.49
Where X = mole fraction of n – heptane in liquid.
Y = mole fraction n – heptane in vapour.
4. A continuous fractionating column operating at atmospheric pressure is to separate a feed mixture containing 30% CS2 & 70% CCL4 into an over head product of 95% CS2 and a bottom product of 95 mole% CCL4 . The feed enters as a liquid at its boiling. Assume an over all efficiency of 70% and a reflux ratio of 3:1. Estimate the number of plates needed. All the compositions are in mole %.
Equilibrium data
X 0.0296 0.0615 0.258 0.39 0.532 0.663 0.758 0.860
Y 0.0823 0.1555 0.494 0.634 0.747 0.830 0.880 0.932
5. With the help of neat sketches, explain briefly the various types of commercial extraction equipment.
6. Give an account of the graphical method of calculation of the number of stages for counter current extraction in a solid-liquid extraction system.
7. Write on:
a) Adsorption wave and break through curve
b) Pressure solving and thermal solving methods. BET isotherm.
Write a brief note on counter current flow model for gas permeation.
comments (0) Permalink
LABELS: MASS TRANSFER AND SEPERATIONS (MTS)
MASS TRANSFER AND SEPERATION Question Papers (Regular, 2004)
POSTED BY M.S.CHOWDARY AT 12:29 AM
SET: 1
1. Obtain an expression for steady state equimolar counter diffusion of two gases starting from fundamentals?
2. Estimate the liquid-film mass transfer coefficient for O2 diffusing from an air bubble rising through water at 20 C. Choose a bubble size of 0.04 m. assume a spherical shape and assume rapid circulation of gas inside the bubble. Neglecting the change of bubble size with distance travelled , calculate the fraction of oxygen absorbed from the air in 1m of travel if the water contains no dissolved oxygen.
3. (a) Write and explain Rayleigh’s equation?
(b) A binary mixture containing 15 mole percent n-Butane and 85% n-Pentane is subjected to simple Batch distillation at atmospheric pressure. If 80% of the Butane is removed by distillation process, how much Pentane would be removed? What would be the composition of the remaining liquid? Average relative velocity = 3.5
4. Discuss the steps involved in the determination of thoeritical number of plates by Panchon Savarit Method? What is reflux? Explain the method for determining minimum Reflux by using the above method?
5. With the help of neat sketches, explain briefly the various types of commercial extraction equipment
6. Give an account of the graphical method of calculation of the number of stages for counter current extraction in a solid-liquid extraction system.
7. Determine graphically the quantity of fresh carbon required per 500kg of solution for a single stage operation to reduce the odour to 10% of its original value. Compare the result with that obtained from Freundilich equation.
8. Discuss in brief about principles of ion exchange?
SET: 2
1. (a) Write the Ficks law of diffusion for ‘Z’ direction. What is the significance of diffusion coefficient?
(b) Derive the equation for steady state diffusion of gas (A) through the wall of a hollow cylinder?
2. Prove (or) show the following relationships with the equation.
a) Convert K’C to KY and KG
b) Convert KL to KX and K’X.
C) Convert KG to KY and KC.
3. Explain the process of differential distillation and Rayleigh’s equation.
4. A mixture of 40 mole% Benzene with Toulene is distilled in a column to give a product of 95 mole% Benzene and a waste of 5 mole% Benzene using a reflux ratio of 4. By using the McCabe and Thieles method determine
a) The number of plates required and the position of the feed if supplied to the column as liquid at the boiling point.
b) Minimum reflux ratio possible.
c) Minimum number of plates.
5. Explain the terms constant and variable under flow conditions?
6. a) Discuss in brief regarding the preparation of solid for leaching? Explain the temperature of leaching?
b) Explain how minimum solvent rate required to be obtained for an extraction operation in a counter current multistage contactor?
7. Write on:
a) Adsorption wave and break through curve
b) Pressure solving and thermal solving methods. BET isotherm.
8. Define the membrane separation processes and classify them and explain in detail?
SET: 3
1. The air pressure in a tyre reduces from 2bars to 1.99 bars in five days. The volume of air in the tube is 0.25 m3, the surface area is 0.5 m2 and wall thickness is 0.01 m. the solubility of air in rubber is 0.07 m3/m3 rubber. Estimate the diffusivity of air in rubber.
2. It is desired to estimate the mass transfer coefficient KG in kg mol/m2 p.a for water vapour in air at 338.6k and 101.32 kpa flowing in a large duct past different geometry solids. The velocity of the duct is 3.66m/s. The water vapour concentration in the air is transferred to the solids. Do this for the following geometries.
a) A single 25.4 mm – diameter sphere.
b) A packed bed of 25.4 mm sphere with є = 0.35
3. Derive an equation to determine the minimum number of plates at total reflux conditions for the distillation of a binary mixture ?
4. A blend of 50% Toulene liquid and 50% benzene liquid volume is being separated by fractionation into an over head product that has 10 mole% Toulene and a bottom product that has 0.5 mole % Benzene. The blend is fractionated at the rate of 10,000 gal/ day. How many gallons of each product is produced, if the reflux ratio is 4. A sample of vapour from one of the trays above the feed trays was taken and found to contain 20% Toulene. What was the composition of the liquid from the tray along the point of which the sample of vapour was taken?
5. Explain how the number of stages can be determined for immiscible solvents in cross current extraction?
6. A counter current multiple contact extraction system is treat 50 tons/hr of wet sliced sugar beets with fresh water as solvent. The beets have the following analysis in mass fraction. Water – 0.48, pulp – 0.04 and sugar - 0.20. The strong solution leaving the system is to contain 0.15 mass fraction of sugar and 97% sugar in sliced beets is to be removed. Determine the number of cells required assuming equilibrium between the under flow and overflow from each cell, if each ton of pulp retains 3 tons of water.
7. Explain the various types of equipments commercially used for adsorption with the help of neat sketches?
8. Explain liquid permeation membrane processes and sketch concentration profiles for membrane processes?
SET: 4
1. A tube of small diameter was filled with acetone to 1.5 m from the top and maintained at a temperature of 20 C in a gentle current of air. After 7 hours the level of liquid dropped to 2.25 m. the barometric pressure was 760mm Hg and the vapour pressure of acetone is 185mm Hg. At 20 C, the density of Acetone is 0.79 kg/m3. Determine the diffusivity of Acetone in air?
2. Ammonia from an air – ammonia stream containing 5% ammonia by volume in absorbed by sulphuric acid in a counter current wetted wall column 15mm is 800 mm long. The inlet gas rate is 0.15 kg moles /hr and exit gas contains 0.5 % ammonia by volume. The average temperature is 20 C and the pressure is normal. The change in acid concentration may be neglected.
a) Calculate the value of absorption coefficient kg
b) If the value of heat transfer coefficient is 50 k cal/ hr m2 C
Estimate KG by equating JD and JH .
Data for air Cpm/K = 0.174, Cp = 0.24 for ammonia- air
SC = 0.61. value of PBM MAY BE TAKEN AS UNITY.
3. During the batch distillation of binary mixture in a packed column, the product had 0.60 mole fraction of the more volatile component when the concentration in the still was 0.40 fraction. If the reflux ratio in the use was 20:1 and vapour composition y is related to liquid composition x by the equation Y = 1.25x (x and y are mole fractions)
Over the range of concentration concerned, find the number of plates?
4. A fractionating column operating at 1atm pressure is supplied at the optimum location with a saturated liquid feed containing 40 mole% ethanol and 60 mole% water. The column produces a saturated liquid overhead product containing 80 mole% ethanol and a saturated liquid bottom product containing 20 mole % ethanol. The reflux ratio is 2. Find:
a) The number of thoeritical stages required to give the separation.
b) The optimum feed plate location assuming 100% plate efficiency.
5. Discuss the factors which must be considered in selecting a solvent for liquid- liquid extraction?
6. Explain the method of leaching vegetable oil seeds for extraction of oil?
7. Explain multistage counter current adsorption. Give some applications.
8. Describe the types of equipment for gas permeation membrane process?
IMMUNOLOGY
IMMUNOLOGY Question Papers (Supple, 2008)
SET :1
1. What is meant by immunity and explain about the various components involved in the immune system. [4+12]
2. Explain about gene regulation in anti body production. [16]
3. Write a short notes on: [8+8]
(a) congenic.
(b) MHC class I
(c) MHC class II
(d) MHC class III
4. What a short notes on: [8+8]
(a) interferons.
(b) interlevkines.
(c) Tc cells.
(d) TH cells.
5. Define hybridoma and explain monoclonal antibody production? [3+13]
6. Discuss ELISA in detail along with its applications? [16]
7. Give an account on type I hypersensitivity? [16]
8. Define autoimmunity and explain with suitable examples? [8+8]
SET :2
1. How the various types of immune cells are originated. [16]
2. Define antibody and describe about their structure in detail with a neat diagram? [12+4]
3. Explain about the MHC and what is their role in Humoral and cellular immunity. [5+11]
4. (a) What Macrophages and what is its role in cell mediated immunity. [8+8]
(b) What are langerhance cells and what is its role in cell mediated immunity.
5. Define hybridoma and explain monoclonal antibody production? [3+13]
6. Explain the process of TH cell activation in detail? [16]
7. Explain type II hypersensitivity with examples? [16]
8. Describe different types of systemic autoimmune diseases and explain in detail about anyone of them? [4+12]
SET :3
1. (a) What are adjuvants and what is their contribution to immunogenicity. [2+6]
(b) Explain about the antigenicity and antigenic determinants. [4+4]
2. Define immunoglobulin and explain about its structure and function. [3+8+5]
3. What are monoclonal antibodies and explain its importance? [12+4]
4. What are interferons and explain about various types of cytokines . [8+8]
5. Define hybridoma and explain monoclonal antibody production? [3+13]
6. Explain different types of forces that causes antigen - antibody interactions? [16]
7. Explain the blood transfusion mechanism in detail? [16]
8. Define immunotoxins & explain their roles in terms of therapy? [8+8]
SET :4
1. What are the various cells involved in the immune response and explain about their role in immune response. [3+13]
2. Explain about gene regulation in anti body production. [16]
3. What are monoclonal antibodies and explain its importance? [12+4]
4. (a) What Macrophages and what is its role in cell mediated immunity. [8+8]
(b) What are langerhance cells and what is its role in cell mediated immunity.
5. (a) Explain the process for enrichment of Hematopoietic stem cells? [8+8]
(b) Give an account on the clinical applications of stem cells?
6. (a) Give an account on the properties of cytokines? [8+8]
(b) Discuss the functions of cytokines in detail?
7. Give an account on type I hypersensitivity? [16]
8. Describe different types of systemic autoimmune diseases and explain in detail about anyone of them? [4+12]
comments (0) Permalink
LABELS: IMMUNOLOGY (IMM)
IMMUNOLOGY Question Papers (Regular, 2008)
POSTED BY M.S.CHOWDARY AT 7:38 AM
SET :1
1. What is the difference between immunogen and antigen? Name the factors and explain how they influence the immunogenecity?
2. What is haematopoiesis? Describe the pathways and cells which originate from haematopoiesis. [16]
3. Explain in detail about the structure and function of mucosl associated lymphoid tissue. [16]
4. What is systemic defense (SD)? Name the cells in the blood which contribute to SD and their function. [16]
5. Give the schematic presentation of signal transduction pathways through which B Cell get activated. [16]
6. Compare and differentiate TCR with mIG molecule. [8+8]
7. Discuss the treatment modalities for controlling the Type I Hypersensitivity reactions. [16]
8. Discuss the Systemic autoimmune disorders with suitable examples. [16]
SET :2
1. Write short notes on the following:
(a) Passive immunization
(b) Active immunization
(c) Haptens
(d) Adjuvants.
2. Write in brief about the structure and function of the following:
(a) Macrophages
(b) Mast cells
(c) T-cells
(d) Natural killer cells. [4+4+4+4]
3. What are the differences between primary and secondary organs? Explain in short about the structure and function of bone marrow and spleen. [16]
4. What is systemic defense (SD)? Name the cells in the blood which contribute to SD and their function. [16]
5. Give the schematic presentation of signal transduction pathways through which B Cell get activated. [16]
6. Discuss how the MHC is involved in disease susceptibility. [16]
7. Discuss the mechanism of Chemilumniscence and its applications in clinical diagnosis. [16]
8. Write short notes on:
(a) Acute rejection
(b) TUMOR INFILTRATING LYMPHOCYTES
(c) Sequestered organs
(d) Lymphorcine-activated KillerCells. [4+4+4+4]
SET :3
1. What is innate immunity? Write about the cells involved and their role in innate immunity?
2. What is haematopoiesis? Describe the pathways and cells which originate from haematopoiesis. [16]
3. Explain in detail about the structure and function of mucosl associated lymphoid tissue. [16]
4. What is systemic defense (SD)? Name the cells in the blood which contribute to SD and their function. [16]
5. Write short notes on:
(a) Applications of abzymes
(b) Clinical uses of Monoclonal antibodies
(c) HAT Medium. [5+5+6]
6. Compare and differentiate TCR with mIG molecule. [8+8]
7. Discuss various types of ELISA. [16]
8. What is immunological tolerance? How is tolerance is crucial for prevention of autoimmune disorders? [16]
SET :4
1. What is acquired immunity? Write about the cells involved and their role in acquired immunity?
2. Write in short different cells of immune system and their mode of action. [16]
3. What are the differences between primary and secondary organs? Explain in short about the structure and function of bone marrow and spleen. [16]
4. What is systemic defense (SD)? Name the cells in the blood which contribute to SD and their function. [16]
5. Explain the signal transduction pathways through which B Cell get activated.[16]
6. Discuss how endogenous antigens processed & presented through MHC. [16]
7. Explain the various Ag-Ab reactions that are used in clinical diagnosis. [16]
8. What are generalized and specific immunotherapies? [16]
comments (0) Permalink
LABELS: IMMUNOLOGY (IMM)
IMMUNOLOGY Question Papers (Supple, 2007)
POSTED BY M.S.CHOWDARY AT 7:24 AM
SET : 1
1. a)What is meant by innate immunity and explain about its importance in newly born baby.
b)Explain about the acquired immunity.
2. a)What is meant by humoral immunity and what are the components involved in it.
b)What are different T cell antigen receptors and list their functions.
3. What are monoclonal antibodies and explain its importance?
4. What is meant by cell mediated immunity and explain about the different components involved in it.
5. Define hybridoma and explain monoclonal antibody production?
6. Explain flow cytometry and discuss its role in antigen - antibody interactions?
7. Discuss the consequences and regulation of type I hypersensitivity?
8. Define tumor antigens and give their significance in immunology?
SET : 2
1. What is meant by immunity and explain about the various components involved in the immune system.
2. Discuss about the different classes of immunoglobulin and explain about their role in immunity.
3. Write a short notes on :
a) Congenic
b) MHC class I
c) MHC class II
d) MHC class III
4. What macrophages and what is its role in cell mediated immunity. What are langerhan cells and what is its role in cell mediated immunity.
5. Explain the process of formation and selection of hybrid cells?
6. Explain different types of antigen – antibody interactions?
7. Discuss about the purified macromolecules as vaccines?
8. Describe the cancer theraohy in detail?
SET : 3
1. What is meant by immunity and explain about the various components involved in the immune system.
2. Define antibody and describe about their structure in detail with a neat diagram?
3. What are monoclonal antibodies and explain its importance?
4. What are interferons and explain about various types of cytokines.
5. Explain about immunosupression in detail along with an example.
6. Explain different types of antigen – antibody interactions?
7. Give an account on type I hypersensitivity?
8. Give an account on the functional classification of cancer – associated genes?
SET : 4
1. What is meant by hematopoesis and explain its role in the generation of various immune cells.
2. Discuss about the B cell mediated immunity and explain about the basic structure of immunoglobulin.
3. What are monoclonal antibodies and explain its importance?
4. Discuss about various types of cell mediator defence mechanism.
5. Define hybridoma and explain monoclonal antibody production?
6. Explain different types of forces that causes antigen – antibody interactions?
7. Discuss the consequences and regulation of type I hypersensitivity?
8. Explain the mechanisms of immunity to tumor antigens?
comments (0) Permalink
LABELS: IMMUNOLOGY (IMM)
IMMUNOLOGY Question Papers (Supple, 2006)
POSTED BY M.S.CHOWDARY AT 7:23 AM
SET :1
1. What are the various cells involved in the immune response and explain about their role in immune response. [3+13]
2. Define immunoglobulin and explain about its structure and function. [3+8+5]
3. (a) Describe in brief about the Human MHC class I genes and explain about their functions. [4+4]
(b) Describe in brief about Human MHC class II genes and explain about their role. [4+4]
4. Discuss about various types of cell mediator defense mechanism. [16]
5. Define hybridoma and explain monoclonal antibody production? [3+13]
6. Define affinity and determine antibody affinity by equilibrium dialysis method? [2+14]
7. Give an account on the mediators of type I hypersensitivity? [16]
8. Describe different types of systemic autoimmune diseases and explain in detail about anyone of them? [4+12]
SET : 2
1. Explain any two [8+8]
(a) adjuvants.
(b) complement.
(c) MHC.
(d) T cells.
2. Define immunoglobulin and explain about its structure and function. [3+8+5]
3. What are monoclonal antibodies and explain its importance? [12+4]
4. What is meant by cell mediated immunity and explain about the different components involved in it. [8+8]
5. Define cellular immunity and explain the process involved in identification of cell types of immune system? [4+12]
6. Explain flow Cytometry and discuss its role in antigen - antibody interactions? [4+12]
7. Describe the various types of type III hypersensitivity? [16]
8. Explain the significance of MHCs in graft rejection? [16]
SET :3
1. What is meant by immunity and explain about the various components involved in the immune system. [4+12]
2. Give an account on basic structure of B cells and explain their activation process. [5+11]
3. What is meant by Idiotypic antibodies and explain their role. [11+5]
4. What is meant by phagocytosis and what is its role in the cell mediated immunity. [8+8]
5. Define hybridoma and explain monoclonal antibody production? [3+13]
6. Explain the role of cytokines in signal transduction? [16]
7. The DNA vaccines are proved to be highly beneficial. Justify? [16]
8. Describe different types of systemic autoimmune diseases and explain in detail about anyone of them? [4+12]
SET :4
1. What are the various cells involved in the immune response and explain about their role in immune response. [3+13]
2. Explain the process involved in the activation of B cells. [16]
3. What are monoclonal antibodies and explain its importance? [12+4]
4. Explain various types of cells involved in the cell mediated immunity. [16]
5. Explain the process of formation and selection of hybrid cells? [10+6]
6. Explain the role of cytokines in signal transduction? [16]
7. Give an account on the significance of vaccination in Immunology? [16]
8. Describe different types of systemic autoimmune diseases and explain in detail about anyone of them? [4+12]
comments (0) Permalink
LABELS: IMMUNOLOGY (IMM)
IMMUNOLOGY Question Papers (Regular, 2005)
POSTED BY M.S.CHOWDARY AT 7:22 AM
SET :1
1. What are the various cells involved in the immune response and explain about their role in immune response.
2. Define immunoglobulin and explain about its structure and function.
3. Write a short notes on:
(a) Haplotypes
(b) HLA genes
(c) H-2 genes
(d) Polygenic
4. (a) What Macrophages and what is its role in cell mediated immunity.
(b) What are langerhance cells and what is its role in cell mediated immunity.
5. Describe the differences between general and specific immunosuppressive therapies?
6. Explain different types of antigen-antibody interactions?
7. Explain the blood transfusion mechanism in detail?
8. Give an account on the significance of autoimmunity in Immunology?
SET :2
1. Explain any two
(a) adjuvants
(b) complement
(c) MHC
(d) T cells
2. Define immunoglobulin and explain about its structure and function.
3. What are monoclonal antibodies and explain its importance ?
4. What is meant by cell mediated immunity and explain about the different components involved in it.
5. Give an account on immunosuppressive therapy?
6. (a) Give an account on the properties of cytokines?
(b) Discuss the functions of cytokines in detail?
7. Give an account on type I hypersensitivity?
8. Define autoimmunity and explain with suitable examples?
SET :3
1. Explain any two
(a) adjuvants
(b) complement
(c) MHC
(d) T cells
2. Write a short notes on :
(a) IgG
(b) IgA
(c) VH regions
(d) Antibody valence
3. (a) Name the test which is employed in detection of typhoid fever.
(b) Explain in brief the different types of Ag-Ab interactions?
4. Discuss about various types of cell mediator defense mechanism.
5. Explain the significance of stem cells in Immunology and their role in transplantation stem cells and explain their role in transplantation?
6. Explain different types of antigen-antibody interactions?
7. Define active immunization & describe the process for designing vaccines for active immunization?
8. Give an account on the significance of autoimmunity in Immunology?
SET :4
1. What are the various organs involved in the immune system.
2. Explain about gene regulation in anti body production
3. (a) Describe in brief about the Human MHC class I genes and explain about their functions.
(b) Describe in brief about Human MHC class II genes and explain about their role
4. What are interferons and explain about various types of cytokines.
5. Define hybridoma and explain monoclonal antibody production?
6. Explain different types of antigen-antibody interactions?
7. Explain the TDTH -mediated hypersensitivity in detail?
8. Give an account on the significance of autoimmunity in Immunology?
comments (0) Permalink
LABELS: IMMUNOLOGY (IMM)
IMMUNOLOGY Question Papers (Supple, 2005)
POSTED BY M.S.CHOWDARY AT 7:22 AM
SET :1
1. What are the various cells involved in the immune response and explain about their role in immune response. [3+13]
2. Write a short notes on :(a) antigen receptors. [8+8]
(b) VL regions.
(c) VH regions.
(d) Hinge region.
3. What are monoclonal antibodies and explain its importance ? [12+4]
4. Explain the process of regulation cell mediated immunity and what is the role of cytokines in it. [8+8]
5. (a) Define HAT medium and explain its role in hybridoma technology? [2+6]
(b) Give an account on the advantages of hybridoma technology? [8]
6. (a) Give an account on the properties of cytokines? [8+8]
(b) Discuss the functions of cytokines in detail?
7. Give an account on type I hypersensitivity? [16]
8. Give an account on the significance of autoimmunity in Immunology? [16]
SET :2
1. What is meant by complement and explain in detail the different pathways of complement system? [3+13]
2. Discuss about the B cell mediated immunity and explain about the basic structure of Immunoglobulin. [8+8]
3. What is meant by Idiotypic antibodies and explain their role. [11+5]
4. (a) What Macrophages and what is its role in cell mediated immunity. [8+8]
(b) What are langerhance cells and what is its role in cell mediated immunity.
5. Explain the process of formation and selection of hybrid cells? [10+6]
6. Explain different types of antigen-antibody interactions? [16]
7. Define vaccine and describes different types of vaccines? [2+14]
8. Describe different types of systemic autoimmune diseases and explain in detail about anyone of them? [4+12]
SET :3
1. What is meant by immunity and explain about the various components involved in the immune system. [4+12]
2. Discuss about the different classes of immunoglobulin and explain about their role in Immunity. [8+8]
3. What are monoclonal antibodies and explain its importance ? [12+4]
4. What is meant by cell mediated cytotoxicity and explain about role in immune response. [8+8]
5. Explain the process of formation and selection of hybrid cells? [10+6]
6. (a) Give an account on the properties of cytokines? [8+8]
(b) Discuss the functions of cytokines in detail?
7. Give an account on Immune complex-mediated hypersensitivity? [16]
8. Explain different animal models for autoimmune diseases? [16]
SET :4
1. (a) What is meant by innate immunity and explain about its importance in newly born baby. [3+5+8]
(b) Explain about the acquired immunity.
2. Explain about gene regulation in anti body production. [16]
3. (a) What is the diagnostic method of shigella and list out the other applications of it? [5+3]
(b) Explain the diagnostic method of diphtheria and list its other applications.[5+3]
4. What is meant by cell mediated immunity and explain about the different components involved in it. [8+8]
5. Explain about immunosuppression in detail along with an example. [12+4]
6. Explain different types of forces that causes antigen - antibody interactions? [16]
7. Discuss the consequences and regulation of type I hypersensitivity? [16]
8. Give an account on the significance of autoimmunity in Immunology? [16]
SET :1
1. What is meant by immunity and explain about the various components involved in the immune system. [4+12]
2. Explain about gene regulation in anti body production. [16]
3. Write a short notes on: [8+8]
(a) congenic.
(b) MHC class I
(c) MHC class II
(d) MHC class III
4. What a short notes on: [8+8]
(a) interferons.
(b) interlevkines.
(c) Tc cells.
(d) TH cells.
5. Define hybridoma and explain monoclonal antibody production? [3+13]
6. Discuss ELISA in detail along with its applications? [16]
7. Give an account on type I hypersensitivity? [16]
8. Define autoimmunity and explain with suitable examples? [8+8]
SET :2
1. How the various types of immune cells are originated. [16]
2. Define antibody and describe about their structure in detail with a neat diagram? [12+4]
3. Explain about the MHC and what is their role in Humoral and cellular immunity. [5+11]
4. (a) What Macrophages and what is its role in cell mediated immunity. [8+8]
(b) What are langerhance cells and what is its role in cell mediated immunity.
5. Define hybridoma and explain monoclonal antibody production? [3+13]
6. Explain the process of TH cell activation in detail? [16]
7. Explain type II hypersensitivity with examples? [16]
8. Describe different types of systemic autoimmune diseases and explain in detail about anyone of them? [4+12]
SET :3
1. (a) What are adjuvants and what is their contribution to immunogenicity. [2+6]
(b) Explain about the antigenicity and antigenic determinants. [4+4]
2. Define immunoglobulin and explain about its structure and function. [3+8+5]
3. What are monoclonal antibodies and explain its importance? [12+4]
4. What are interferons and explain about various types of cytokines . [8+8]
5. Define hybridoma and explain monoclonal antibody production? [3+13]
6. Explain different types of forces that causes antigen - antibody interactions? [16]
7. Explain the blood transfusion mechanism in detail? [16]
8. Define immunotoxins & explain their roles in terms of therapy? [8+8]
SET :4
1. What are the various cells involved in the immune response and explain about their role in immune response. [3+13]
2. Explain about gene regulation in anti body production. [16]
3. What are monoclonal antibodies and explain its importance? [12+4]
4. (a) What Macrophages and what is its role in cell mediated immunity. [8+8]
(b) What are langerhance cells and what is its role in cell mediated immunity.
5. (a) Explain the process for enrichment of Hematopoietic stem cells? [8+8]
(b) Give an account on the clinical applications of stem cells?
6. (a) Give an account on the properties of cytokines? [8+8]
(b) Discuss the functions of cytokines in detail?
7. Give an account on type I hypersensitivity? [16]
8. Describe different types of systemic autoimmune diseases and explain in detail about anyone of them? [4+12]
comments (0) Permalink
LABELS: IMMUNOLOGY (IMM)
IMMUNOLOGY Question Papers (Regular, 2008)
POSTED BY M.S.CHOWDARY AT 7:38 AM
SET :1
1. What is the difference between immunogen and antigen? Name the factors and explain how they influence the immunogenecity?
2. What is haematopoiesis? Describe the pathways and cells which originate from haematopoiesis. [16]
3. Explain in detail about the structure and function of mucosl associated lymphoid tissue. [16]
4. What is systemic defense (SD)? Name the cells in the blood which contribute to SD and their function. [16]
5. Give the schematic presentation of signal transduction pathways through which B Cell get activated. [16]
6. Compare and differentiate TCR with mIG molecule. [8+8]
7. Discuss the treatment modalities for controlling the Type I Hypersensitivity reactions. [16]
8. Discuss the Systemic autoimmune disorders with suitable examples. [16]
SET :2
1. Write short notes on the following:
(a) Passive immunization
(b) Active immunization
(c) Haptens
(d) Adjuvants.
2. Write in brief about the structure and function of the following:
(a) Macrophages
(b) Mast cells
(c) T-cells
(d) Natural killer cells. [4+4+4+4]
3. What are the differences between primary and secondary organs? Explain in short about the structure and function of bone marrow and spleen. [16]
4. What is systemic defense (SD)? Name the cells in the blood which contribute to SD and their function. [16]
5. Give the schematic presentation of signal transduction pathways through which B Cell get activated. [16]
6. Discuss how the MHC is involved in disease susceptibility. [16]
7. Discuss the mechanism of Chemilumniscence and its applications in clinical diagnosis. [16]
8. Write short notes on:
(a) Acute rejection
(b) TUMOR INFILTRATING LYMPHOCYTES
(c) Sequestered organs
(d) Lymphorcine-activated KillerCells. [4+4+4+4]
SET :3
1. What is innate immunity? Write about the cells involved and their role in innate immunity?
2. What is haematopoiesis? Describe the pathways and cells which originate from haematopoiesis. [16]
3. Explain in detail about the structure and function of mucosl associated lymphoid tissue. [16]
4. What is systemic defense (SD)? Name the cells in the blood which contribute to SD and their function. [16]
5. Write short notes on:
(a) Applications of abzymes
(b) Clinical uses of Monoclonal antibodies
(c) HAT Medium. [5+5+6]
6. Compare and differentiate TCR with mIG molecule. [8+8]
7. Discuss various types of ELISA. [16]
8. What is immunological tolerance? How is tolerance is crucial for prevention of autoimmune disorders? [16]
SET :4
1. What is acquired immunity? Write about the cells involved and their role in acquired immunity?
2. Write in short different cells of immune system and their mode of action. [16]
3. What are the differences between primary and secondary organs? Explain in short about the structure and function of bone marrow and spleen. [16]
4. What is systemic defense (SD)? Name the cells in the blood which contribute to SD and their function. [16]
5. Explain the signal transduction pathways through which B Cell get activated.[16]
6. Discuss how endogenous antigens processed & presented through MHC. [16]
7. Explain the various Ag-Ab reactions that are used in clinical diagnosis. [16]
8. What are generalized and specific immunotherapies? [16]
comments (0) Permalink
LABELS: IMMUNOLOGY (IMM)
IMMUNOLOGY Question Papers (Supple, 2007)
POSTED BY M.S.CHOWDARY AT 7:24 AM
SET : 1
1. a)What is meant by innate immunity and explain about its importance in newly born baby.
b)Explain about the acquired immunity.
2. a)What is meant by humoral immunity and what are the components involved in it.
b)What are different T cell antigen receptors and list their functions.
3. What are monoclonal antibodies and explain its importance?
4. What is meant by cell mediated immunity and explain about the different components involved in it.
5. Define hybridoma and explain monoclonal antibody production?
6. Explain flow cytometry and discuss its role in antigen - antibody interactions?
7. Discuss the consequences and regulation of type I hypersensitivity?
8. Define tumor antigens and give their significance in immunology?
SET : 2
1. What is meant by immunity and explain about the various components involved in the immune system.
2. Discuss about the different classes of immunoglobulin and explain about their role in immunity.
3. Write a short notes on :
a) Congenic
b) MHC class I
c) MHC class II
d) MHC class III
4. What macrophages and what is its role in cell mediated immunity. What are langerhan cells and what is its role in cell mediated immunity.
5. Explain the process of formation and selection of hybrid cells?
6. Explain different types of antigen – antibody interactions?
7. Discuss about the purified macromolecules as vaccines?
8. Describe the cancer theraohy in detail?
SET : 3
1. What is meant by immunity and explain about the various components involved in the immune system.
2. Define antibody and describe about their structure in detail with a neat diagram?
3. What are monoclonal antibodies and explain its importance?
4. What are interferons and explain about various types of cytokines.
5. Explain about immunosupression in detail along with an example.
6. Explain different types of antigen – antibody interactions?
7. Give an account on type I hypersensitivity?
8. Give an account on the functional classification of cancer – associated genes?
SET : 4
1. What is meant by hematopoesis and explain its role in the generation of various immune cells.
2. Discuss about the B cell mediated immunity and explain about the basic structure of immunoglobulin.
3. What are monoclonal antibodies and explain its importance?
4. Discuss about various types of cell mediator defence mechanism.
5. Define hybridoma and explain monoclonal antibody production?
6. Explain different types of forces that causes antigen – antibody interactions?
7. Discuss the consequences and regulation of type I hypersensitivity?
8. Explain the mechanisms of immunity to tumor antigens?
comments (0) Permalink
LABELS: IMMUNOLOGY (IMM)
IMMUNOLOGY Question Papers (Supple, 2006)
POSTED BY M.S.CHOWDARY AT 7:23 AM
SET :1
1. What are the various cells involved in the immune response and explain about their role in immune response. [3+13]
2. Define immunoglobulin and explain about its structure and function. [3+8+5]
3. (a) Describe in brief about the Human MHC class I genes and explain about their functions. [4+4]
(b) Describe in brief about Human MHC class II genes and explain about their role. [4+4]
4. Discuss about various types of cell mediator defense mechanism. [16]
5. Define hybridoma and explain monoclonal antibody production? [3+13]
6. Define affinity and determine antibody affinity by equilibrium dialysis method? [2+14]
7. Give an account on the mediators of type I hypersensitivity? [16]
8. Describe different types of systemic autoimmune diseases and explain in detail about anyone of them? [4+12]
SET : 2
1. Explain any two [8+8]
(a) adjuvants.
(b) complement.
(c) MHC.
(d) T cells.
2. Define immunoglobulin and explain about its structure and function. [3+8+5]
3. What are monoclonal antibodies and explain its importance? [12+4]
4. What is meant by cell mediated immunity and explain about the different components involved in it. [8+8]
5. Define cellular immunity and explain the process involved in identification of cell types of immune system? [4+12]
6. Explain flow Cytometry and discuss its role in antigen - antibody interactions? [4+12]
7. Describe the various types of type III hypersensitivity? [16]
8. Explain the significance of MHCs in graft rejection? [16]
SET :3
1. What is meant by immunity and explain about the various components involved in the immune system. [4+12]
2. Give an account on basic structure of B cells and explain their activation process. [5+11]
3. What is meant by Idiotypic antibodies and explain their role. [11+5]
4. What is meant by phagocytosis and what is its role in the cell mediated immunity. [8+8]
5. Define hybridoma and explain monoclonal antibody production? [3+13]
6. Explain the role of cytokines in signal transduction? [16]
7. The DNA vaccines are proved to be highly beneficial. Justify? [16]
8. Describe different types of systemic autoimmune diseases and explain in detail about anyone of them? [4+12]
SET :4
1. What are the various cells involved in the immune response and explain about their role in immune response. [3+13]
2. Explain the process involved in the activation of B cells. [16]
3. What are monoclonal antibodies and explain its importance? [12+4]
4. Explain various types of cells involved in the cell mediated immunity. [16]
5. Explain the process of formation and selection of hybrid cells? [10+6]
6. Explain the role of cytokines in signal transduction? [16]
7. Give an account on the significance of vaccination in Immunology? [16]
8. Describe different types of systemic autoimmune diseases and explain in detail about anyone of them? [4+12]
comments (0) Permalink
LABELS: IMMUNOLOGY (IMM)
IMMUNOLOGY Question Papers (Regular, 2005)
POSTED BY M.S.CHOWDARY AT 7:22 AM
SET :1
1. What are the various cells involved in the immune response and explain about their role in immune response.
2. Define immunoglobulin and explain about its structure and function.
3. Write a short notes on:
(a) Haplotypes
(b) HLA genes
(c) H-2 genes
(d) Polygenic
4. (a) What Macrophages and what is its role in cell mediated immunity.
(b) What are langerhance cells and what is its role in cell mediated immunity.
5. Describe the differences between general and specific immunosuppressive therapies?
6. Explain different types of antigen-antibody interactions?
7. Explain the blood transfusion mechanism in detail?
8. Give an account on the significance of autoimmunity in Immunology?
SET :2
1. Explain any two
(a) adjuvants
(b) complement
(c) MHC
(d) T cells
2. Define immunoglobulin and explain about its structure and function.
3. What are monoclonal antibodies and explain its importance ?
4. What is meant by cell mediated immunity and explain about the different components involved in it.
5. Give an account on immunosuppressive therapy?
6. (a) Give an account on the properties of cytokines?
(b) Discuss the functions of cytokines in detail?
7. Give an account on type I hypersensitivity?
8. Define autoimmunity and explain with suitable examples?
SET :3
1. Explain any two
(a) adjuvants
(b) complement
(c) MHC
(d) T cells
2. Write a short notes on :
(a) IgG
(b) IgA
(c) VH regions
(d) Antibody valence
3. (a) Name the test which is employed in detection of typhoid fever.
(b) Explain in brief the different types of Ag-Ab interactions?
4. Discuss about various types of cell mediator defense mechanism.
5. Explain the significance of stem cells in Immunology and their role in transplantation stem cells and explain their role in transplantation?
6. Explain different types of antigen-antibody interactions?
7. Define active immunization & describe the process for designing vaccines for active immunization?
8. Give an account on the significance of autoimmunity in Immunology?
SET :4
1. What are the various organs involved in the immune system.
2. Explain about gene regulation in anti body production
3. (a) Describe in brief about the Human MHC class I genes and explain about their functions.
(b) Describe in brief about Human MHC class II genes and explain about their role
4. What are interferons and explain about various types of cytokines.
5. Define hybridoma and explain monoclonal antibody production?
6. Explain different types of antigen-antibody interactions?
7. Explain the TDTH -mediated hypersensitivity in detail?
8. Give an account on the significance of autoimmunity in Immunology?
comments (0) Permalink
LABELS: IMMUNOLOGY (IMM)
IMMUNOLOGY Question Papers (Supple, 2005)
POSTED BY M.S.CHOWDARY AT 7:22 AM
SET :1
1. What are the various cells involved in the immune response and explain about their role in immune response. [3+13]
2. Write a short notes on :(a) antigen receptors. [8+8]
(b) VL regions.
(c) VH regions.
(d) Hinge region.
3. What are monoclonal antibodies and explain its importance ? [12+4]
4. Explain the process of regulation cell mediated immunity and what is the role of cytokines in it. [8+8]
5. (a) Define HAT medium and explain its role in hybridoma technology? [2+6]
(b) Give an account on the advantages of hybridoma technology? [8]
6. (a) Give an account on the properties of cytokines? [8+8]
(b) Discuss the functions of cytokines in detail?
7. Give an account on type I hypersensitivity? [16]
8. Give an account on the significance of autoimmunity in Immunology? [16]
SET :2
1. What is meant by complement and explain in detail the different pathways of complement system? [3+13]
2. Discuss about the B cell mediated immunity and explain about the basic structure of Immunoglobulin. [8+8]
3. What is meant by Idiotypic antibodies and explain their role. [11+5]
4. (a) What Macrophages and what is its role in cell mediated immunity. [8+8]
(b) What are langerhance cells and what is its role in cell mediated immunity.
5. Explain the process of formation and selection of hybrid cells? [10+6]
6. Explain different types of antigen-antibody interactions? [16]
7. Define vaccine and describes different types of vaccines? [2+14]
8. Describe different types of systemic autoimmune diseases and explain in detail about anyone of them? [4+12]
SET :3
1. What is meant by immunity and explain about the various components involved in the immune system. [4+12]
2. Discuss about the different classes of immunoglobulin and explain about their role in Immunity. [8+8]
3. What are monoclonal antibodies and explain its importance ? [12+4]
4. What is meant by cell mediated cytotoxicity and explain about role in immune response. [8+8]
5. Explain the process of formation and selection of hybrid cells? [10+6]
6. (a) Give an account on the properties of cytokines? [8+8]
(b) Discuss the functions of cytokines in detail?
7. Give an account on Immune complex-mediated hypersensitivity? [16]
8. Explain different animal models for autoimmune diseases? [16]
SET :4
1. (a) What is meant by innate immunity and explain about its importance in newly born baby. [3+5+8]
(b) Explain about the acquired immunity.
2. Explain about gene regulation in anti body production. [16]
3. (a) What is the diagnostic method of shigella and list out the other applications of it? [5+3]
(b) Explain the diagnostic method of diphtheria and list its other applications.[5+3]
4. What is meant by cell mediated immunity and explain about the different components involved in it. [8+8]
5. Explain about immunosuppression in detail along with an example. [12+4]
6. Explain different types of forces that causes antigen - antibody interactions? [16]
7. Discuss the consequences and regulation of type I hypersensitivity? [16]
8. Give an account on the significance of autoimmunity in Immunology? [16]
THERMODYNAMICS FOR BIOTECHNOLOGISTS
BIO CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS Question Papers (Supple, 2008, Nov)
SET: 1
1. Is it possible to prove the laws of thermodynamics? Describe in brief. (b) One mole of an ideal gas at 1.0MPa and 310K is heated at constant temperature till the volume is doubled again. Calculate the work done by the gas.
2. Name the methods by which the thermodynamic properties of fluids are usually presented. Discuss any two of them.
3. (a) What is the significance of the second law efficiency? (b) Define the second law efficiency of a process.
4. Prove the following:
a) Viid = Vi
b) Hiid = Hi
c) Vid = ΣxiVi
d) Hid =Σ xiHi 5. Show that when Lewis Randall rule is valid for one species in a linery solution, the Henrys law lis is valid for the other one.
6. Rate and equilibrium conversion of a chemical reaction depends of what parameters? How rate and equilibrium conversion varies in various situations. Give a suitable example to explain above.
7. Discuss in detail about the Thermodynamic principles.
8. Explain the aerobic production of a single extracellular product.
SET: 2
1. A reversible engine operating between a reservoir at 600K and the ambient atmosphere at 300K drives a refrigerator operating operating between 240K and the ambient atmosphere. Determine the ratio of energy rejected by both the devices to the ambient atmosphere to the energy absorbed by the engine from the reservoir at 600K.
2. It is desired to design a tank to store 10Kmol methane at 6MPa and 300K. Determine the size of the tank using the Red lich? Kwong equation of state. The critical constants of methane are
Pc = 4.6MPa and Tc = 190.6K.
3. (a) Give an example of a fundamental relation. (b) What is an equation of state? How many eequations of state are there for a single component of simple compressible substance.
4. (a) Discuss in brief heats of mixing, heats of reaction and heats of solution. (b) Show that heats of mixing are generally much smaller than heats of reaction.
5. Show that at equilibrium for a closed system, (dGi)T,P=0.
6. (a) Define reaction coordinate. What is its usefulness?
(b) For a system in which the following reaction occurs CH4 + H2o ---> CO +3H2,assume there are present initially 2mol CH4, 1molH2o, 1mol Co and4molH2. Determine expressions for the mole fraction yi as function of Є
7. (a) Describe the inter relationship amongst the metabolism, energy and redox processes.
(b) Explain the concept that ATP is the energy shuttle in the cell.
8. Discuss theoretical predictions of yield coeffiecients.
SET: 3
1. One mole of an ideal gas (Υ = 1.4) at 0.5 MPa and 300K (state 1) is heated at constant pressure till volume is downloaded (state 2) and then it is allowed to expand reversibly and adiabatically till the temperature is reduced to 300K (state 3). Calculate the heat and work interactions. If it is desired to restore the system fron state 3 to its original state by a reversible isothermal path, determine the amount of work to be done on the system.
2. (a) What is ideal gas? Name the two basic assumptions, which were made use of in deriving the ideal gas equation of state from kinetic theory arguments. (b) Define thermodynamic properties, classify the thermodynamic properties. What is the use of such classification.
3. A particular thermodynamic system has the following equations of state.
1/T = 5NR/2U; P/T = NR/V
Obtain the third equation of state of the system.
4. (a) Discuss the importance of fugacity in thermodynamics. (b) Discuss fugacity and fugacity coefficient for pure species.
5. (a) For VLE at low to moderate pressures, discuss the nature of equilibrium. (b) For VLE, show that yiØiP = xi Pisat (i = 1,2,---------N).
6. Consider a system in which the following reaction occur,
CH4 + H2O ----> CO + 3H2 (1)
CH4 + 2H2O ----> CO2 + 4H2 (2)
Where the numbers (1) and (2) indicate the value of is the reaction index if there are present initially 2 mol CH4 and 3 mol H2O. determine expressions for the Yi as function of Є1 and Є2.
7. Discuss in detail about medium formulation.
8. Write short notes on:
(a) Respiratory quotient
(b) Oxidative Phosphorylation.
SET: 4
1. (a) Discuss limitations of first law of thermodynamics. (b) State alternative statements of first law of thermodynamics.
2. (a) What is ideal gas? Name the two basic assumptions, which were made use of in deriving the ideal gas equation of state from kinetic theory arguments. (b) Define thermodynamic properties, classify the thermodynamic properties. What is the use of such classification.
3. Show that for an ideal gas, (dE/dV)T = 0.
4.
5. Prove the following
(a) fi l = fi sat = ФisatPisat
(b) fi = ФisatPisatexp[Vil(P-Psat)/R.T]
6. For the equililnium state of a chemical reaction, show that .−RT lnK = ΔGo.
7. (a) Explain the Gaden classification from stoichiometric point of view the product formation in fermentation process.
(b) The following stoichiometric equation describes penicillin synthesis: 1.5 Glucose + H2SO4 + 2NH3 + phenyl acetate penicillin G + CO2 + 8H2O the theoretical yield of penicillin is 1.2g (gram of glucose). Find out the molecular weight of penicillin G
8. Discus in detail the heat evolved per equivalent of available electrons transferred to oxygen.
comments (0) Permalink
LABELS: THERMODYNAMICS FOR BIOTECHNOLOGISTS
CHEMICAL AND BIO-THERMODYNAMICS Question Papers (Supple, 2008)
POSTED BY M.S.CHOWDARY AT 11:41 PM
Tuesday, October 14, 2008
SET :1
1. It has been suggested that the kitchen in your house is cooled in the summer by closing the kitchen from the rest of the house and opening the door to the electric refrigerator. Comment on this. State clearly and concisely the basis for your conclusions. [6+10]
2. Steam is flowing through a horizontal, well-insulated 3-in. - ID iron pipe, 1500 ft long. The velocity at the entrance to the pipe, where the steam is dry and saturated at 150 psia, is 100 ft/sec. The steam discharges from the exit of the pipe into an adiabatic reversible turbine which exhausts at 14.7 psia. The steam leaving the turbine is in the dry-saturated condition.
(a) Calculate the horsepower produced by the turbine.
(b) Represent by a sketch on T-S plane the change in the state of the steam as it flows through the pipe and the turbine.
(c) What is the state of the steam entering the turbine? [6+6+4]
3. (a) Write the energy equations applicable to compression processes.
(b) Write a brief note on pumps and ejectors [8+8]
4. The excess Gibbs energy of a particular ternary liquid mixture is represented by the empirical expression, with parameters, A12,A13, andA23 functions of T and P only GE/RT = A12x1x2 + A13x1x3 + A23x2x3 Determine the implied expressions for in γ1 and γ2 and In γ3. [16]
5. Explain in detail vapour/liquid Equilibrium. [16]
6. Discuss in detail about Multireaction stoichiometry [16]
7. (a) Explain the Gaden classification from stoichiometric point of view the product formation in fermentation processes.
(b) The following stoichiometric equation describes penicillin systhesis
1.5Glucose+H2SO4+2NH3 + phenyl acetate! Pencillium G + CO2+8H2O
the theoretical yield of pencillium is 1.2g/(gram of glucose). Find out the molecular weight of pencillium G. [8+8]
8. Assume that experimental measurements for a certain organism have shown that cells can convert two-thirds (wt/wt) of the substrate carbon (alkane or glucose) to biomass.
(a) Calculate the stoichiometric coefficient for the following biological reactions
Hexadecane:C16H34 + aO2 + bNH3 ! c(C4.4H7.3N0.86O1.2) + dH2O + eCO2
Glucose: C6H12O6 + aO2 + bNH3 ! dH2O + eCO2
(b) Calculate the yield coefficients Yx/s (g dw cell/g substrate), Yx/O2 (g dw cell/g
O2) for both reactions. Comment on the differences. [8+8]
SET :2
1. (a) Write about the thermodynamic state and state functions.
(b) Write about the steady - state flow process. [8+8]
2. Write short notes:
(a) Write about condensable-fluid cycle.
(b) Write about simple power-plant cycle.
(c) Write about analysis of the steam-power plant cycle. [4+6+6]
3. Maxwell’s equation can be used to evaluate the latent heat of vaporization of a pure substance. Choose the appropriate equation and explain the method to estimate the latent heat of vaporization as a function of temperature using the vapor pressure data. [16]
4. (a) Define chemical potential and write the general equation for Gibbs energy in terms of temperature pressure and chemical potential.
(b) By definition, the partial molar volume is: Vi= [∂(nV)/∂ni]P,T, nj. What physical interpretation can be given to this equation? [8+8]
5. Discuss in detail about VLE from cubic Equations of state. [16]
6. Write short notes
(a) Duhem’s Theory
(b) Degree of freedom [8+8]
7. (a) Explain the Gaden classification from stoichiometric point of view the product formation in fermentation processes.
(b) The following stoichiometric equation describes penicillin systhesis
1.5Glucose+H2SO4+2NH3 + phenyl acetate! Pencillium G + CO2+8H2O
the theoretical yield of pencillium is 1.2g/(gram of glucose). Find out the molecular weight of pencillium G. [8+8]
8. Discuss in detail that electrons in the organic substrate is transferred to oxygen. [16]
SET :3
1. It has been suggested that the kitchen in your house is cooled in the summer by
closing the kitchen from the rest of the house and opening the door to the electric
refrigerator. Comment on this. State clearly and concisely the basis for your
conclusions. [6+10]
2. Write short notes:
(a) Write about condensable-fluid cycle.
(b) Write about simple power-plant cycle.
(c) Write about analysis of the steam-power plant cycle. [4+6+6]
3. Describe the sequential procedure for estimating thermodynamic properties, viz.,
H and S using a cubic equation of state. [16]
4. (a) Discuss chemical potential as a criterion for phase equilibrium.
(b) Define partial molar properties: internal energy, enthalpy, entropy, Gibbs en-
ergy. [8+8]
5. For a mixture of 20% propane 45% n-butane and 35% n-propane (mole present) at
a pressure of 1 MN/m2, calculate
(a) the bubble point and
(b) the due point. [8+8]
The following are the data on vaporization constant (K) at different temperatures
Component K
380C 650C 930C 970C
Propane 1.2 1.9 2.8 2.9
n-butane 0.43 0.8 1.3 1.35
n-pentane 0.14 0.31 0.55 0.6
6. (a) Describe the effect of temperature on reaction equilibrium constant .
(b) Is the following reaction promising as a method of manufacture for sodium
formate.
NaOH(s) + CO(g) ⇀↽HCOONa (s)
The following are the data on F0 [8+8]
Component F0, keal/g mole
CO(g) -32.808
NaOH(s) -90.60
HCOONa(s) -147.0
7. (a) Explain the Gaden classification from stoichiometric point of view the product
formation in fermentation processes.
(b) The following stoichiometric equation describes penicillin systhesis
1.5Glucose+H2SO4+2NH3 + phenyl acetate! Pencillium G + CO2+8H2O
the theoretical yield of pencillium is 1.2g/(gram of glucose). Find out the molecular weight of pencillium G. [8+8]
8. Discus in detail the heat evolved per equivalent of available electrons transferred to oxygen. [16]
SET :4
1. A gas is confined in a cylinder by a piston, 2 in. in diameter, on which rests a “weight”. The mass of the piston and weight together is 8 lbm. The local acceleration of gravity is 32.00 ft/sec2. Assume standard atmospheric pressure.
(a) What is the force exerted on the gas by the atmosphere, the piston, and the weight in pounds force, assuming no friction between the piston and cylinder?
(b) What is the pressure of the gas in pounds force per square inch?
(c) If the gas in the cylinder is heated, it will expand, pushing the piston and weight upward. Assuming that enough heat is supplied to raise the piston and weight 8 in., calculate the work done by the gas in raising the piston and weight. What is the change in potential energy of the piston and weight? Give your answers in foot-pounds force. [4+4+8]
2. Write short notes:
(a) Explain with a schematic diagram the adsorption refrigeration machine.
(b) Write about liquefaction processes. [8+8]
3. By means of schematic thermodynamic diagrams, briefly describe the solid / liquid/ vapor states of matter and the phase boundaries. [16]
4. Describe and discuss the commonly used models for excess Gibbs energy. [16]
5. Derive the Equation for bubble point. [16]
6. Consider a vessel which initially contains only n0 mol of water vapour .If decomposition occurs according to the reaction.
H2O ! H2 + 1/2O2
Find expression which relate the number of moles and the mole fraction of each chemical species to the reaction co-ordinate ε [16]
7. Discuss in detail about the Thermodynamic principles. [16]
8. Assuming that cells can convert two - thirds (wt/wt) of the substrate carbon (alkane) to biomass, calculate the “stoichiometric” coefficients for hexadecane utilization.
C16H34 + α1O2 + α2NH3 ! β1 (C4.4H7.3N0.86O1.2) + β2CO2 + β3H2Oθ [16]
comments (0) Permalink
LABELS: THERMODYNAMICS FOR BIOTECHNOLOGISTS
CHEMICAL AND BIO-THERMODYNAMICS Question Papers (Supple, 2007 Nov, RR)
POSTED BY M.S.CHOWDARY AT 11:39 PM
SET :1
1. A gas is confined in a cylinder by a piston, 2 in. in diameter, on which rests a “weight”. The mass of the piston and weight together is 8 lbm. The local acceleration of gravity is 32.00 ft/sec2. Assume standard atmospheric pressure.
(a) What is the force exerted on the gas by the atmosphere, the piston, and the weight in pounds force, assuming no friction between the piston and cylinder?
(b) What is the pressure of the gas in pounds force per square inch?
(c) If the gas in the cylinder is heated, it will expand, pushing the piston and weight upward. Assuming that enough heat is supplied to raise the piston and weight 8 in., calculate the work done by the gas in raising the piston and weight. What is the change in potential energy of the piston and weight? Give your answers in foot-pounds force. [4+4+8]
2. A power-plant cycle is an follows:
(a) Saturated liquid water from the condenser at 5 psig in pumped into a boiler operating at 175 psia. [8]
(b) The steam leaves the boiler superheated 1500F.
i. Assuming the condenser and boiler pressures are constant, calculate the maximum efficiency of the cycle (i.e. for a reversible adiabatic turbine).
ii. For comparison calculate the efficiency of a Carnot cycle operating between the saturation temperature at the boiler and the condenser pressures. Make the same calculation for the Carnot engine absorbing heat at the temperature of the steam leaving the boiler and discarding heat at the saturation temperature in the condenser.
iii. Calculate the efficiency of the cycle if the turbine operates adiabatically but irreversably in such a way that the actual ΔH is 0.9 of the isentropic ΔH. [2+3+3]
3. Water at 450C and 10 kPa enters an adiabatic pump and is discharged at a pressure of 8600 kPa. Assume the pump efficiency to be 75%. Calculate the work of the pump, the temperature change of the water and the entropy change of the water. Saturated liquid water properties at 450C are : V = 1, 010cm3kg−1, β = 425x10−6K−1and CP = 4.178kJkg−1K−1 [4+12]
4. (a) Write Gibbs / Duhem equation.
(b) A laboratory needs to use 2,000 cm3 of an antifreeze consisting of 30 mole percent solution of methanol in water. What volumes of pure methanol and pure water at 25 0C must be mixed to form 2,000 cm3 of antifreeze, also at 250C? Partial molar volumes for methanol and water in 30 mole percent methanol solution at 250C are: for methanol 38.632 cm3mol−1 and for water
17.765 cm3mol−1. For pure species the volumes are: 40.727cm3mol−1 for methanol and 18.068cm3mol−1 for water. [8+8]
5. Explain in detail about Raoult?s law. [6+10]
6. Consider a vessel which initially contains only n0 mol of water vapour .If decom-
position occurs according to the reaction.
H2O → H2 + 1/2O2
Find expression which relate the number of moles and the mole fraction of each chemical species to the reaction co-ordinate ε [4+12]
7. Discuss in detail about product formation. [4+12]
8. How Degree of reduction of substrate,biomass and product can be calculated. [5+5+6]
SET :2
1. Explain the formulation of the first law of Thermodynamics and illustrate any two
examples. [8+8]
2. A refrigeration machine requires 1 kw of power per ton of refrigeration.
(a) What is the co-efficient of performance?
(b) How much heat is rejected to the condenser?
(c) If the condenser operates at 600F, what is the lowest temperature the refrigerator could possibly maintain, assuming that the heat load is always 200 Btu/min? [5+5+6]
3. With help of Maxwell’s equation prove that the specific heats of ideal gases are functions of temperature only. [6+10]
4. (a) Define chemical potential and write the general equation for Gibbs energy interms of temperature pressure and chemical potential.
(b) By definition, the partial molar volume is: Vi= [∂(nV)/∂ni]P,T, nj. What physical interpretation can be given to this equation? [8+8]
5. Explain Formulation of vapour liquid equilibrium. [4+12]
6. Consider a vessel which initially contains only n0 mol of water vapour .If decomposition occurs according to the reaction.
H2O ! H2 + 1/2O2
Find expression which relate the number of moles and the mole fraction of each chemical species to the reaction co-ordinate ε [4+12]
7. (a) Explain the Gaden classification from stoichiometric point of view the product formation in fermentation processes.
(b) The following stoichiometric equation describes penicillin systhesis
1.5Glucose+H2SO4+2NH3 + phenyl acetate ----> Pencillium G + CO2+8H2O
the theoretical yield of pencillium is 1.2g/(gram of glucose). Find out the molecular weight of pencillium G. [8+8]
8. (a) Define the “Yield Coefficient”and explain its significance in the growth of cells by substrate utilization
(b) The following is the stoichiometric equation for combustion of the cell Pseudomonas fluorescens growing in glucose medium.
CH1.66N0.2O0.27 + 1.28O2 ! CO2 + 0.1N2 + 0.83H2O
Assuming the heat of combustion of 104 kcal per moleO2, calculate the heat released by combustion of bacteria in k cal/gram. [8+8]
SET :3
1. Explain the formulation of the first law of Thermodynamics and illustrate any two
examples. [8+8]
2. A power-plant cycle is an follows:
(a) Saturated liquid water from the condenser at 5 psig in pumped into a boiler
operating at 175 psia. [8]
(b) The steam leaves the boiler superheated 1500F.
i. Assuming the condenser and boiler pressures are constant, calculate the maximum efficiency of the cycle (i.e. for a reversible adiabatic turbine).
ii. For comparison calculate the efficiency of a Carnot cycle operating between the saturation temperature at the boiler and the condenser pressures. Make the same calculation for the Carnot engine absorbing heat at the temperature of the steam leaving the boiler and discarding heat at the saturation temperature in the condenser.
iii. Calculate the efficiency of the cycle if the turbine operates adiabatically but irreversibly in such a way that the actual ΔH is 0.9 of the isenotropic ΔH. [2+3+3]
3. Water at 450C and 10 kPa enters an adiabatic pump and is discharged at a pressure of 8600 kPa. Assume the pump efficiency to be 75%. Calculate the work of the pump, the temperature change of the water and the entropy change of the water. Saturated liquid water properties at 450C are : V = 1, 010cm3kg−1, β = 425x10−6K−1and CP = 4.178kJkg−1K−1 [4+12]
4. (a) Describe the important characteristics of an ideal gas mixture and write Gibb’s theorem.
(b) Derive the property equations describing the ideal gas behavior of mixtures. [8+8]
5. Discuss in detail about Solid/liquid Equilibrium. [8+8]
6. Determine the number of degrees of freedom F for each of the following systems.
(a) A system of two miscible Non reacting species which exists as an azeotrope in vapour/liquid equilibrium.
(b) A system prepared by partially decomposing CaCo3 into an evacuated space.
(c) A system prepared by partially decomposing NH4Cl into an evacuated space.
(d) A system consisting of the gases CO, CO2, H2, H2O, and CH4 in chemical equilibrium. [4+4+4+4]
7. (a) Explain the Gaden classification from stoichiometric point of view the product
formation in fermentation processes.
(b) The following stoichiometric equation describes penicillin systhesis
1.5Glucose+H2SO4+2NH3 + phenyl acetate→ Pencillium G + CO2+8H2O
the theoretical yield of pencillium is 1.2g/(gram of glucose). Find out the molecular weight of pencillium G. [8+8]
8. Discuss in detail that electrons in the organic substrate is transferred to oxygen. [4+12]
SET :4
1. (a) Write about the thermodynamic state and state functions.
(b) Write about the steady - state flow process. [8+8]
2. A vapor-compression refrigeration machine is to be used in an oil refinery to cool a solvent stream to 400F. The cycle will be conventional expect that a counter-current heat exchanger will be installed to sub cool the liquid from the condenser with the vapor stream from the refrigerator coils. Ammonia is to be the refrigerant, and the heat load in the refrigerator coils is 200,000 Btu/min. The refrigerant is to evaporate at 320F and liquefy in the condenser at 900F. The compressor will be adiabatic in its operation and be 80 percent efficient compared with isentropic operation. The minimum temperature difference that can be attained in the exchanger is 100F. What is the power requirement of the compressor? How does this result compare with the power of a conventional vapor-compression machine without the exchanger? Also compare the circulation rates for the two cases. [5+11]
3. (a) Write fundamental property relationships for U, H, A (Helmholtz energy) and G
(b) Write the Maxwell’s equations. [8+8]
4. Estimate the fugacity of the Cyclopentane at 1100C and 275 bar. At 1100c the vapor pressure of cyclopentane is 5.267 bar. [16]
5. Explain in detail about Raoult?s law. [6+10]
6. Consider a vessel which initially contains only n0 mol of water vapour .If decomposition occurs according to the reaction.
H2O ---> H2 + 1/2O2
Find expression which relate the number of moles and the mole fraction of each chemical species to the reaction co-ordinate ε [4+12]
7. How EMP pathway related to cell wall components. [6+10]
8. Discuss theoretical predictions of yield coeffiecients. [6+10]
SET: 1
1. Is it possible to prove the laws of thermodynamics? Describe in brief. (b) One mole of an ideal gas at 1.0MPa and 310K is heated at constant temperature till the volume is doubled again. Calculate the work done by the gas.
2. Name the methods by which the thermodynamic properties of fluids are usually presented. Discuss any two of them.
3. (a) What is the significance of the second law efficiency? (b) Define the second law efficiency of a process.
4. Prove the following:
a) Viid = Vi
b) Hiid = Hi
c) Vid = ΣxiVi
d) Hid =Σ xiHi 5. Show that when Lewis Randall rule is valid for one species in a linery solution, the Henrys law lis is valid for the other one.
6. Rate and equilibrium conversion of a chemical reaction depends of what parameters? How rate and equilibrium conversion varies in various situations. Give a suitable example to explain above.
7. Discuss in detail about the Thermodynamic principles.
8. Explain the aerobic production of a single extracellular product.
SET: 2
1. A reversible engine operating between a reservoir at 600K and the ambient atmosphere at 300K drives a refrigerator operating operating between 240K and the ambient atmosphere. Determine the ratio of energy rejected by both the devices to the ambient atmosphere to the energy absorbed by the engine from the reservoir at 600K.
2. It is desired to design a tank to store 10Kmol methane at 6MPa and 300K. Determine the size of the tank using the Red lich? Kwong equation of state. The critical constants of methane are
Pc = 4.6MPa and Tc = 190.6K.
3. (a) Give an example of a fundamental relation. (b) What is an equation of state? How many eequations of state are there for a single component of simple compressible substance.
4. (a) Discuss in brief heats of mixing, heats of reaction and heats of solution. (b) Show that heats of mixing are generally much smaller than heats of reaction.
5. Show that at equilibrium for a closed system, (dGi)T,P=0.
6. (a) Define reaction coordinate. What is its usefulness?
(b) For a system in which the following reaction occurs CH4 + H2o ---> CO +3H2,assume there are present initially 2mol CH4, 1molH2o, 1mol Co and4molH2. Determine expressions for the mole fraction yi as function of Є
7. (a) Describe the inter relationship amongst the metabolism, energy and redox processes.
(b) Explain the concept that ATP is the energy shuttle in the cell.
8. Discuss theoretical predictions of yield coeffiecients.
SET: 3
1. One mole of an ideal gas (Υ = 1.4) at 0.5 MPa and 300K (state 1) is heated at constant pressure till volume is downloaded (state 2) and then it is allowed to expand reversibly and adiabatically till the temperature is reduced to 300K (state 3). Calculate the heat and work interactions. If it is desired to restore the system fron state 3 to its original state by a reversible isothermal path, determine the amount of work to be done on the system.
2. (a) What is ideal gas? Name the two basic assumptions, which were made use of in deriving the ideal gas equation of state from kinetic theory arguments. (b) Define thermodynamic properties, classify the thermodynamic properties. What is the use of such classification.
3. A particular thermodynamic system has the following equations of state.
1/T = 5NR/2U; P/T = NR/V
Obtain the third equation of state of the system.
4. (a) Discuss the importance of fugacity in thermodynamics. (b) Discuss fugacity and fugacity coefficient for pure species.
5. (a) For VLE at low to moderate pressures, discuss the nature of equilibrium. (b) For VLE, show that yiØiP = xi Pisat (i = 1,2,---------N).
6. Consider a system in which the following reaction occur,
CH4 + H2O ----> CO + 3H2 (1)
CH4 + 2H2O ----> CO2 + 4H2 (2)
Where the numbers (1) and (2) indicate the value of is the reaction index if there are present initially 2 mol CH4 and 3 mol H2O. determine expressions for the Yi as function of Є1 and Є2.
7. Discuss in detail about medium formulation.
8. Write short notes on:
(a) Respiratory quotient
(b) Oxidative Phosphorylation.
SET: 4
1. (a) Discuss limitations of first law of thermodynamics. (b) State alternative statements of first law of thermodynamics.
2. (a) What is ideal gas? Name the two basic assumptions, which were made use of in deriving the ideal gas equation of state from kinetic theory arguments. (b) Define thermodynamic properties, classify the thermodynamic properties. What is the use of such classification.
3. Show that for an ideal gas, (dE/dV)T = 0.
4.
5. Prove the following
(a) fi l = fi sat = ФisatPisat
(b) fi = ФisatPisatexp[Vil(P-Psat)/R.T]
6. For the equililnium state of a chemical reaction, show that .−RT lnK = ΔGo.
7. (a) Explain the Gaden classification from stoichiometric point of view the product formation in fermentation process.
(b) The following stoichiometric equation describes penicillin synthesis: 1.5 Glucose + H2SO4 + 2NH3 + phenyl acetate penicillin G + CO2 + 8H2O the theoretical yield of penicillin is 1.2g (gram of glucose). Find out the molecular weight of penicillin G
8. Discus in detail the heat evolved per equivalent of available electrons transferred to oxygen.
comments (0) Permalink
LABELS: THERMODYNAMICS FOR BIOTECHNOLOGISTS
CHEMICAL AND BIO-THERMODYNAMICS Question Papers (Supple, 2008)
POSTED BY M.S.CHOWDARY AT 11:41 PM
Tuesday, October 14, 2008
SET :1
1. It has been suggested that the kitchen in your house is cooled in the summer by closing the kitchen from the rest of the house and opening the door to the electric refrigerator. Comment on this. State clearly and concisely the basis for your conclusions. [6+10]
2. Steam is flowing through a horizontal, well-insulated 3-in. - ID iron pipe, 1500 ft long. The velocity at the entrance to the pipe, where the steam is dry and saturated at 150 psia, is 100 ft/sec. The steam discharges from the exit of the pipe into an adiabatic reversible turbine which exhausts at 14.7 psia. The steam leaving the turbine is in the dry-saturated condition.
(a) Calculate the horsepower produced by the turbine.
(b) Represent by a sketch on T-S plane the change in the state of the steam as it flows through the pipe and the turbine.
(c) What is the state of the steam entering the turbine? [6+6+4]
3. (a) Write the energy equations applicable to compression processes.
(b) Write a brief note on pumps and ejectors [8+8]
4. The excess Gibbs energy of a particular ternary liquid mixture is represented by the empirical expression, with parameters, A12,A13, andA23 functions of T and P only GE/RT = A12x1x2 + A13x1x3 + A23x2x3 Determine the implied expressions for in γ1 and γ2 and In γ3. [16]
5. Explain in detail vapour/liquid Equilibrium. [16]
6. Discuss in detail about Multireaction stoichiometry [16]
7. (a) Explain the Gaden classification from stoichiometric point of view the product formation in fermentation processes.
(b) The following stoichiometric equation describes penicillin systhesis
1.5Glucose+H2SO4+2NH3 + phenyl acetate! Pencillium G + CO2+8H2O
the theoretical yield of pencillium is 1.2g/(gram of glucose). Find out the molecular weight of pencillium G. [8+8]
8. Assume that experimental measurements for a certain organism have shown that cells can convert two-thirds (wt/wt) of the substrate carbon (alkane or glucose) to biomass.
(a) Calculate the stoichiometric coefficient for the following biological reactions
Hexadecane:C16H34 + aO2 + bNH3 ! c(C4.4H7.3N0.86O1.2) + dH2O + eCO2
Glucose: C6H12O6 + aO2 + bNH3 ! dH2O + eCO2
(b) Calculate the yield coefficients Yx/s (g dw cell/g substrate), Yx/O2 (g dw cell/g
O2) for both reactions. Comment on the differences. [8+8]
SET :2
1. (a) Write about the thermodynamic state and state functions.
(b) Write about the steady - state flow process. [8+8]
2. Write short notes:
(a) Write about condensable-fluid cycle.
(b) Write about simple power-plant cycle.
(c) Write about analysis of the steam-power plant cycle. [4+6+6]
3. Maxwell’s equation can be used to evaluate the latent heat of vaporization of a pure substance. Choose the appropriate equation and explain the method to estimate the latent heat of vaporization as a function of temperature using the vapor pressure data. [16]
4. (a) Define chemical potential and write the general equation for Gibbs energy in terms of temperature pressure and chemical potential.
(b) By definition, the partial molar volume is: Vi= [∂(nV)/∂ni]P,T, nj. What physical interpretation can be given to this equation? [8+8]
5. Discuss in detail about VLE from cubic Equations of state. [16]
6. Write short notes
(a) Duhem’s Theory
(b) Degree of freedom [8+8]
7. (a) Explain the Gaden classification from stoichiometric point of view the product formation in fermentation processes.
(b) The following stoichiometric equation describes penicillin systhesis
1.5Glucose+H2SO4+2NH3 + phenyl acetate! Pencillium G + CO2+8H2O
the theoretical yield of pencillium is 1.2g/(gram of glucose). Find out the molecular weight of pencillium G. [8+8]
8. Discuss in detail that electrons in the organic substrate is transferred to oxygen. [16]
SET :3
1. It has been suggested that the kitchen in your house is cooled in the summer by
closing the kitchen from the rest of the house and opening the door to the electric
refrigerator. Comment on this. State clearly and concisely the basis for your
conclusions. [6+10]
2. Write short notes:
(a) Write about condensable-fluid cycle.
(b) Write about simple power-plant cycle.
(c) Write about analysis of the steam-power plant cycle. [4+6+6]
3. Describe the sequential procedure for estimating thermodynamic properties, viz.,
H and S using a cubic equation of state. [16]
4. (a) Discuss chemical potential as a criterion for phase equilibrium.
(b) Define partial molar properties: internal energy, enthalpy, entropy, Gibbs en-
ergy. [8+8]
5. For a mixture of 20% propane 45% n-butane and 35% n-propane (mole present) at
a pressure of 1 MN/m2, calculate
(a) the bubble point and
(b) the due point. [8+8]
The following are the data on vaporization constant (K) at different temperatures
Component K
380C 650C 930C 970C
Propane 1.2 1.9 2.8 2.9
n-butane 0.43 0.8 1.3 1.35
n-pentane 0.14 0.31 0.55 0.6
6. (a) Describe the effect of temperature on reaction equilibrium constant .
(b) Is the following reaction promising as a method of manufacture for sodium
formate.
NaOH(s) + CO(g) ⇀↽HCOONa (s)
The following are the data on F0 [8+8]
Component F0, keal/g mole
CO(g) -32.808
NaOH(s) -90.60
HCOONa(s) -147.0
7. (a) Explain the Gaden classification from stoichiometric point of view the product
formation in fermentation processes.
(b) The following stoichiometric equation describes penicillin systhesis
1.5Glucose+H2SO4+2NH3 + phenyl acetate! Pencillium G + CO2+8H2O
the theoretical yield of pencillium is 1.2g/(gram of glucose). Find out the molecular weight of pencillium G. [8+8]
8. Discus in detail the heat evolved per equivalent of available electrons transferred to oxygen. [16]
SET :4
1. A gas is confined in a cylinder by a piston, 2 in. in diameter, on which rests a “weight”. The mass of the piston and weight together is 8 lbm. The local acceleration of gravity is 32.00 ft/sec2. Assume standard atmospheric pressure.
(a) What is the force exerted on the gas by the atmosphere, the piston, and the weight in pounds force, assuming no friction between the piston and cylinder?
(b) What is the pressure of the gas in pounds force per square inch?
(c) If the gas in the cylinder is heated, it will expand, pushing the piston and weight upward. Assuming that enough heat is supplied to raise the piston and weight 8 in., calculate the work done by the gas in raising the piston and weight. What is the change in potential energy of the piston and weight? Give your answers in foot-pounds force. [4+4+8]
2. Write short notes:
(a) Explain with a schematic diagram the adsorption refrigeration machine.
(b) Write about liquefaction processes. [8+8]
3. By means of schematic thermodynamic diagrams, briefly describe the solid / liquid/ vapor states of matter and the phase boundaries. [16]
4. Describe and discuss the commonly used models for excess Gibbs energy. [16]
5. Derive the Equation for bubble point. [16]
6. Consider a vessel which initially contains only n0 mol of water vapour .If decomposition occurs according to the reaction.
H2O ! H2 + 1/2O2
Find expression which relate the number of moles and the mole fraction of each chemical species to the reaction co-ordinate ε [16]
7. Discuss in detail about the Thermodynamic principles. [16]
8. Assuming that cells can convert two - thirds (wt/wt) of the substrate carbon (alkane) to biomass, calculate the “stoichiometric” coefficients for hexadecane utilization.
C16H34 + α1O2 + α2NH3 ! β1 (C4.4H7.3N0.86O1.2) + β2CO2 + β3H2Oθ [16]
comments (0) Permalink
LABELS: THERMODYNAMICS FOR BIOTECHNOLOGISTS
CHEMICAL AND BIO-THERMODYNAMICS Question Papers (Supple, 2007 Nov, RR)
POSTED BY M.S.CHOWDARY AT 11:39 PM
SET :1
1. A gas is confined in a cylinder by a piston, 2 in. in diameter, on which rests a “weight”. The mass of the piston and weight together is 8 lbm. The local acceleration of gravity is 32.00 ft/sec2. Assume standard atmospheric pressure.
(a) What is the force exerted on the gas by the atmosphere, the piston, and the weight in pounds force, assuming no friction between the piston and cylinder?
(b) What is the pressure of the gas in pounds force per square inch?
(c) If the gas in the cylinder is heated, it will expand, pushing the piston and weight upward. Assuming that enough heat is supplied to raise the piston and weight 8 in., calculate the work done by the gas in raising the piston and weight. What is the change in potential energy of the piston and weight? Give your answers in foot-pounds force. [4+4+8]
2. A power-plant cycle is an follows:
(a) Saturated liquid water from the condenser at 5 psig in pumped into a boiler operating at 175 psia. [8]
(b) The steam leaves the boiler superheated 1500F.
i. Assuming the condenser and boiler pressures are constant, calculate the maximum efficiency of the cycle (i.e. for a reversible adiabatic turbine).
ii. For comparison calculate the efficiency of a Carnot cycle operating between the saturation temperature at the boiler and the condenser pressures. Make the same calculation for the Carnot engine absorbing heat at the temperature of the steam leaving the boiler and discarding heat at the saturation temperature in the condenser.
iii. Calculate the efficiency of the cycle if the turbine operates adiabatically but irreversably in such a way that the actual ΔH is 0.9 of the isentropic ΔH. [2+3+3]
3. Water at 450C and 10 kPa enters an adiabatic pump and is discharged at a pressure of 8600 kPa. Assume the pump efficiency to be 75%. Calculate the work of the pump, the temperature change of the water and the entropy change of the water. Saturated liquid water properties at 450C are : V = 1, 010cm3kg−1, β = 425x10−6K−1and CP = 4.178kJkg−1K−1 [4+12]
4. (a) Write Gibbs / Duhem equation.
(b) A laboratory needs to use 2,000 cm3 of an antifreeze consisting of 30 mole percent solution of methanol in water. What volumes of pure methanol and pure water at 25 0C must be mixed to form 2,000 cm3 of antifreeze, also at 250C? Partial molar volumes for methanol and water in 30 mole percent methanol solution at 250C are: for methanol 38.632 cm3mol−1 and for water
17.765 cm3mol−1. For pure species the volumes are: 40.727cm3mol−1 for methanol and 18.068cm3mol−1 for water. [8+8]
5. Explain in detail about Raoult?s law. [6+10]
6. Consider a vessel which initially contains only n0 mol of water vapour .If decom-
position occurs according to the reaction.
H2O → H2 + 1/2O2
Find expression which relate the number of moles and the mole fraction of each chemical species to the reaction co-ordinate ε [4+12]
7. Discuss in detail about product formation. [4+12]
8. How Degree of reduction of substrate,biomass and product can be calculated. [5+5+6]
SET :2
1. Explain the formulation of the first law of Thermodynamics and illustrate any two
examples. [8+8]
2. A refrigeration machine requires 1 kw of power per ton of refrigeration.
(a) What is the co-efficient of performance?
(b) How much heat is rejected to the condenser?
(c) If the condenser operates at 600F, what is the lowest temperature the refrigerator could possibly maintain, assuming that the heat load is always 200 Btu/min? [5+5+6]
3. With help of Maxwell’s equation prove that the specific heats of ideal gases are functions of temperature only. [6+10]
4. (a) Define chemical potential and write the general equation for Gibbs energy interms of temperature pressure and chemical potential.
(b) By definition, the partial molar volume is: Vi= [∂(nV)/∂ni]P,T, nj. What physical interpretation can be given to this equation? [8+8]
5. Explain Formulation of vapour liquid equilibrium. [4+12]
6. Consider a vessel which initially contains only n0 mol of water vapour .If decomposition occurs according to the reaction.
H2O ! H2 + 1/2O2
Find expression which relate the number of moles and the mole fraction of each chemical species to the reaction co-ordinate ε [4+12]
7. (a) Explain the Gaden classification from stoichiometric point of view the product formation in fermentation processes.
(b) The following stoichiometric equation describes penicillin systhesis
1.5Glucose+H2SO4+2NH3 + phenyl acetate ----> Pencillium G + CO2+8H2O
the theoretical yield of pencillium is 1.2g/(gram of glucose). Find out the molecular weight of pencillium G. [8+8]
8. (a) Define the “Yield Coefficient”and explain its significance in the growth of cells by substrate utilization
(b) The following is the stoichiometric equation for combustion of the cell Pseudomonas fluorescens growing in glucose medium.
CH1.66N0.2O0.27 + 1.28O2 ! CO2 + 0.1N2 + 0.83H2O
Assuming the heat of combustion of 104 kcal per moleO2, calculate the heat released by combustion of bacteria in k cal/gram. [8+8]
SET :3
1. Explain the formulation of the first law of Thermodynamics and illustrate any two
examples. [8+8]
2. A power-plant cycle is an follows:
(a) Saturated liquid water from the condenser at 5 psig in pumped into a boiler
operating at 175 psia. [8]
(b) The steam leaves the boiler superheated 1500F.
i. Assuming the condenser and boiler pressures are constant, calculate the maximum efficiency of the cycle (i.e. for a reversible adiabatic turbine).
ii. For comparison calculate the efficiency of a Carnot cycle operating between the saturation temperature at the boiler and the condenser pressures. Make the same calculation for the Carnot engine absorbing heat at the temperature of the steam leaving the boiler and discarding heat at the saturation temperature in the condenser.
iii. Calculate the efficiency of the cycle if the turbine operates adiabatically but irreversibly in such a way that the actual ΔH is 0.9 of the isenotropic ΔH. [2+3+3]
3. Water at 450C and 10 kPa enters an adiabatic pump and is discharged at a pressure of 8600 kPa. Assume the pump efficiency to be 75%. Calculate the work of the pump, the temperature change of the water and the entropy change of the water. Saturated liquid water properties at 450C are : V = 1, 010cm3kg−1, β = 425x10−6K−1and CP = 4.178kJkg−1K−1 [4+12]
4. (a) Describe the important characteristics of an ideal gas mixture and write Gibb’s theorem.
(b) Derive the property equations describing the ideal gas behavior of mixtures. [8+8]
5. Discuss in detail about Solid/liquid Equilibrium. [8+8]
6. Determine the number of degrees of freedom F for each of the following systems.
(a) A system of two miscible Non reacting species which exists as an azeotrope in vapour/liquid equilibrium.
(b) A system prepared by partially decomposing CaCo3 into an evacuated space.
(c) A system prepared by partially decomposing NH4Cl into an evacuated space.
(d) A system consisting of the gases CO, CO2, H2, H2O, and CH4 in chemical equilibrium. [4+4+4+4]
7. (a) Explain the Gaden classification from stoichiometric point of view the product
formation in fermentation processes.
(b) The following stoichiometric equation describes penicillin systhesis
1.5Glucose+H2SO4+2NH3 + phenyl acetate→ Pencillium G + CO2+8H2O
the theoretical yield of pencillium is 1.2g/(gram of glucose). Find out the molecular weight of pencillium G. [8+8]
8. Discuss in detail that electrons in the organic substrate is transferred to oxygen. [4+12]
SET :4
1. (a) Write about the thermodynamic state and state functions.
(b) Write about the steady - state flow process. [8+8]
2. A vapor-compression refrigeration machine is to be used in an oil refinery to cool a solvent stream to 400F. The cycle will be conventional expect that a counter-current heat exchanger will be installed to sub cool the liquid from the condenser with the vapor stream from the refrigerator coils. Ammonia is to be the refrigerant, and the heat load in the refrigerator coils is 200,000 Btu/min. The refrigerant is to evaporate at 320F and liquefy in the condenser at 900F. The compressor will be adiabatic in its operation and be 80 percent efficient compared with isentropic operation. The minimum temperature difference that can be attained in the exchanger is 100F. What is the power requirement of the compressor? How does this result compare with the power of a conventional vapor-compression machine without the exchanger? Also compare the circulation rates for the two cases. [5+11]
3. (a) Write fundamental property relationships for U, H, A (Helmholtz energy) and G
(b) Write the Maxwell’s equations. [8+8]
4. Estimate the fugacity of the Cyclopentane at 1100C and 275 bar. At 1100c the vapor pressure of cyclopentane is 5.267 bar. [16]
5. Explain in detail about Raoult?s law. [6+10]
6. Consider a vessel which initially contains only n0 mol of water vapour .If decomposition occurs according to the reaction.
H2O ---> H2 + 1/2O2
Find expression which relate the number of moles and the mole fraction of each chemical species to the reaction co-ordinate ε [4+12]
7. How EMP pathway related to cell wall components. [6+10]
8. Discuss theoretical predictions of yield coeffiecients. [6+10]
BIO INFORMATICS
BIO INFORMATICS Question Papers (Supple, 2007)
SET : 1
1. What is Bioinformatics? Describe its scope in modern biology? [16]
2. Write short notes on:
(a) Gapped BLAST
(b) PSI-BLAST
(c) BLAST (2) [16]
3. What is multiple sequence alignment? Describe the applications of multiple sequence alignments? [16]
4. Describe the following:
(a) Structural classifications of proteins
(b) The CATH (Class, Architecture, Topology, Homology) databases [16]
5. Explain Database searching with Smith-waterman Dynamic programming method? [16]
6. Describe about Phylogenetic tree construction by using UPGMA method? [16]
7. Define Genome? Outline the structure and composition of prokaryotic and Eukaryotic genomes? [16]
8. Write short notes on:
(a) GRAIL II
(b) ORF [16]
SET : 2
1. Describe the following:
(a) Uniform Resource Locator (URL)
(b) Role of Internet in Bioinformatics [16]
2. Write a note on Parametric sequence alignment? [16]
3. How to multiply Aligned sequences and assessing quality of alignment? [16]
4. Define Secondary databases? Give an overview of secondary databases? [16]
5. What is Block Substitution Matrices (BLOSUM)? Describe them in detail? [16]
6. Write short notes on:
(a) Star decomposition
(b) PHYLIP programs [16]
7. Define Genome? Outline the structure and composition of prokaryotic and Eukaryotic genomes? [16]
8. Write an essay on gene Prediction in Eukaryotes? [16]
SET :3
1. What are the basic Computer skills required for Bioinformatician? Write elementary commands in Linux operating system? [16]
2. Explain about different BLAST programs in detail with a neat flow charts and how are they useful? [16]
3. How to multiply Aligned sequences and assessing quality of alignment? [16]
4. Write short notes on:
(a) Tr-EMBL
(b) P-fam [16]
5. Name the Database search algorithm employed in alignment of sequences and explain in detail about any one of it? [16]
6. Discuss in detail about Character based methods in phylogenetic Analysis? [16]
7. Describe briefly about different types of Gene mapping? [16]
8. Write short notes on:
(a) GRAIL II
(b) ORF [16]
SET : 4
1. Write short notes on the following:
(a) Domain and Domain name
(b) Modem
(c) Routers
(d) FQDN [16]
2. Describe the following:
(a) Importance of GAPs and GAP penalties in sequence alignment
(b) Edit distance of two strings
(c) Dot matrix Analysis [16]
3. What is a multiple alignment and why we do it? [16]
4. Write short notes on:
(a) PDB
(b) SCOP [16]
5. What is Block Substitution Matrices (BLOSUM)? Describe them in detail? [16]
6. Describe about Phylogenetic tree construction by using UPGMA method? [16]
7. Write short notes on:
(a) Computer tools for sequencing
(b) DNA fingerprinting [16]
8. Write short notes on:
(a) GRAIL II
(b) ORF [16]
comments (0) Permalink
LABELS: BIOINFORMATICS
BIO INFORMATICS Question Papers (Regular, 2007)
POSTED BY M.S.CHOWDARY AT 7:50 AM
SET : 1
1. Write short notes on the following :
a) Domain and domain name
b) Modem
c) Routers
d) FQDN
2. What types of scoring matrix is used by BLAST? Explain about different substitution matrices?
3. Explain in detail about the databases of multiple alignments?
4. Write an assay on different genome (DNA) information resource?
5. Who created BLAST and explain the type of scoring matrix used by BLAST?
6. Discuss about relationships of phylogenetic analysis to sequence alignment?
7. What are genomic MAP elements? Explain about different types of Maps?
8. What is a gene? Write the fine structure of the gene and compare the structural differences of gene between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
SET : 2
1. What is telnet? Explain its functioning system?
2. What is meant by similarity searching? Explain in detail about sequence similarity search tools?
3. What is multiple sequence alignment? Describe the applications of multiple sequence alignments?
4. Describe the following :
a) Structural classification of proteins
b) The CATH (Class, Architecture, Topology, Homology ) databases.
5. What is Block Substitution Matrices (BLOSUM)? Describe them in detail.
6. Explain the significance of phylogenetic analysis in inferring the relationship between distantly related sequences?
7. Describe the steps involved in sequence assembly?
8. Write short notes on :
a) Contant based methods
b) Comparative methods
c) Central dogma in gene expression.
SET : 3
1. Explain the steps involved in protein prediction and modeling by using Bioinformatics?
2. What are Direct and Inverted repeats? Suggest a comparision method for knowing direct and inverted repeats and explain about it?
3. Write short notes on :
a) CLUSTAL W
b) PILEUP
4. What is meant by database similarity searches? Explain different ways of database similarity searching?
5. What is Block Substitution Matrices (BLOSUM)? Describe them in detail.
6. What are ultra metric trees and distances? Describe them in detail.
7. What are the important problems that will be encountered in sequencing and explain about them?
8. Write short notes on :
a) GRAIL II
b) ORF
SET : 4
1. What is Bioinformatics? Describe its scope in modern biology?
2. Explain about different BLAST programs in detail with a neat flow chart and how are they useful?
3. Define Multiple Alignments? Describe in detail methods employed for Multiple sequence alignment?
4. Explain about FASTA sequence database similarity searching?
5. Describe the different BLAST suits used to search DNA and protein databases.
6. Discuss in detail about character based methods in phylogenetic analysis?
7. Define gene mapping? Explain about applications of mapping?
8. Write short notes on :
c) GRAIL II
d) ORF
comments (0) Permalink
LABELS: BIOINFORMATICS
BIO INFORMATICS Question Papers (Supple, 2006)
POSTED BY M.S.CHOWDARY AT 7:49 AM
SET : 1
1. Why is bioinformatics important and explain its applications in the field of biology?
2. What is a sequence alignment? Describe the significance of sequence alignment in detail and list out the types of sequence alignment?
3. Write about hidden markov models of multiple sequence alignment?
4. How can you classify sequence database? Describe about nucleotide sequence databases?
5. Who created BLAST and explain the type of scoring matrix used by BLAST?
6. Discuss about relationships of phylogenetic analysis to sequence alignment?
7. Write short notes on :
a) Computer tools for sequencing
b) DNA finger printing
8. What is a gene? Write the fine structure of the gene and compare the structural differences of gene between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
SET : 2
1. Describe the following :
a) Uniform resource locator
b) Role of internet in bioinformatics
2. Explain about different BLAST program in detail with a neat flow charts and how are they useful?
3. Write short notes on :
a) Relationship of multiple sequence alignment to phylogenetic analysis.
b) Uses of multiple sequence alignment.
4. Write an essay on different genome (DNA) information resources?
5. Explain the importance of substitution matrices in sequence alignment?
6. Describe about phylogenetic tree construction by using UPGMA method?
7. Define genome? Outline the structure and composition of prokaryotic and eukaryotic genomes?
8. What are neural networks? How they are useful in predicting a gene structure?
SET : 3
1. What are the main objectives of bioinformatics and what does bioinformatics comprise of?
2. Describe dynamic programming algorithm in detail?
3. What is multiple sequence alignment? Describe the applications of multiple sequence alignments?
4. Write a brief notes on the following :
a) Sub division of genbank
b) Structure of a genebank record
5. What is Block Substitution Matrices (BLOSUM)? Describe them in detail.
6. Describe about phylogenetic tree construction by using UPGMA method?
7. Define genome? Outline the structure and composition of prokaryotic and eukaryotic genomes?
8. Write short notes on :
a) GRAIL II
b) ORF
SET : 4
1. What is bioinformatics? Describe its scope in modern biology?
2. Explain about computational method for aligning DNA and protein sequences?
3. Describe any one progressive method of multiple alignment?
4. Define databases? Give an overview of biological databases?
5. Name the database search algorithm employed in alignment of sequences and explain in detail about any one of it?
6. Describe the following :
a) Perfect phylogeny
b) The relationship of phylogenetic analysis and sequence alignment.
7. Write short notes on :
a) GRAIL II
b) ORF.
comments (0) Permalink
LABELS: BIOINFORMATICS
BIO INFORMATICS Question Papers (Regular, 2006)
POSTED BY M.S.CHOWDARY AT 7:47 AM
SET : 1
1. What is Bioinformatics? Describe its scope in modern biology?
2. Write short note on :
a) Dot plot
b) Local alignment
3. Write short notes on :
a) Relationship of multiple sequence alignment to phylogenetic analysis
b) Uses of multiple sequence alignment
4. Explain in detail about structural databases?
5. What is Block Substitution Matrices (BLOSUM)? Describe them in detail.
6. Describe the following :
a) Perfect phylogeny
b) The relationship of phylogenetic analysis and sequence assembly?
7. Discuss in detail about the steps involved in sequence assembly?
8. Write brief account on any two of the following :
a) Codov usage
b) Intron and exons
c) Regulatory sequences and their role.
SET : 2
1. Explain the steps involved in protein prediction and modeling by using bioinformatics?
2. Explain in detail about dynamics : Programming method for sequence alignment?
3. Give the general account on different common multiple sequence alignment methods?
4. Explain about BLAST sequence database search?
5. What is Block Substitution Matrices (BLOSUM)? Describe them in detail.
6. Describe the following :
c) Perfect phylogeny
d) The relationship of phylogenetic analysis and sequence assembly?
7. Define genome? Outline the structure and composition of prokaryotic and eukaryotic genomes?
8. Write short notes on :
a) GRAIL II
b) ORF
SET : 3
1. What is Bioinformatics? Describe its scope in modern biology?
2. Explain about computational method for aligning DNA and protein sequences.
3. What is multiple sequence alignment? Describe the applications of multiple sequence alignments?
4. Describe the following :
a) Structural classification of proteins
b) The CATH (Class, Architecture, Topology, Homology ) databases.
5. What is Block Substitution Matrices (BLOSUM)? Describe them in detail.
6. Define parsimony? Write in detail how parsimony is used to infer phylogenetic relationships?
7. Write short notes on :
a) Clone map
b) STS map
8. Write short notes on :
c) GRAIL II
d) ORF
comments (0) Permalink
LABELS: BIOINFORMATICS
BIO INFORMATICS Question Papers (Supple, 2005)
POSTED BY M.S.CHOWDARY AT 7:46 AM
SET : 1
1. What is HTTP? Explain about operation of HTTP? [16]
2. Explain about computational method for aligning DNA and Protein sequences?[16]
3. Define Multiple Alignment? Describe in detail about methods employed for Multiple sequence alignment? [16]
4. What is meant by Database Similarity searches? Explain different ways of Database similarity searching? [16]
5. Explain about Percent Accepted Mutation? [16]
6. Describe the following:
(a) Perfect phylogeny
(b) The relationship of Phylogenetic analysis and sequence alignment. [16]
7. Define Genome? Outline the structure and composition of prokaryotic and Eukaryotic genomes? [16]
8. What is a gene? Write the fine structure of the gene and compare the structural differences of gene between prokaryotes and eukaryotes? [16]
SET :2
1. Explain the steps involved in protein prediction and modeling by using Bioinformatics? [16]
2. Give an account of BLAST programs and how are they useful? [16]
3. Explain about Localized alignments in sequences? [16]
4. Describe the different databases available for the storage of protein information resources? [16]
5. Explain about Percent Accepted Mutation? [16]
6. Discuss about Concept of Trees in phylogenetic Analysis? [16]
7. Define Genome? Outline the structure and composition of prokaryotic and Eukaryotic genomes? [16]
8. Write short notes on:
(a) GRAIL II
(b) ORF [16]
SET :3
1. Describe the following:
(a) Uniform Resource Locator (URL)
(b) Role of Internet in Bioinformatics [16]
2. Definer Multiple sequence alignment? Describe in detail about methods employed in Multiple sequence alignment? [16]
3. Describe any one progressive method of multiple sequence alignment? [16]
4. How can you classify sequence databases? Describe about Nucleotide sequence databases? [16]
5. Explain about Pairwise database searching. [16]
6. Discus about relationships of Phylogenetic analysis to sequence alignment? [16]
7. Write an essay on sequence assembly and Gene Identification? [16]
8. Write short notes on:
(a) GRAIL II
(b) ORF [16]
SET :4
1. What is Bioinformatics? Describe its scope in modern biology? [16]
2. What type of scoring matrix is used by BLAST? Explain about different substitution matrices? [16]
3. What is multiple sequence alignment? Describe the applications of multiple se-quence alignments? [16]
4. Write in detail about DNA versus Protein searches? [16]
5. Write short notes on:
(a) BLOSUM
(b) Differentiate between PAM & BLOSUM [16]
6. Discus about relationships of Phylogenetic analysis to sequence alignment? [16]
7. What is DNA mapping? Describe its applications? [16]
8. Explain in detail about Feature based approaches to Gene Prediction? [16]
SET : 1
1. What is Bioinformatics? Describe its scope in modern biology? [16]
2. Write short notes on:
(a) Gapped BLAST
(b) PSI-BLAST
(c) BLAST (2) [16]
3. What is multiple sequence alignment? Describe the applications of multiple sequence alignments? [16]
4. Describe the following:
(a) Structural classifications of proteins
(b) The CATH (Class, Architecture, Topology, Homology) databases [16]
5. Explain Database searching with Smith-waterman Dynamic programming method? [16]
6. Describe about Phylogenetic tree construction by using UPGMA method? [16]
7. Define Genome? Outline the structure and composition of prokaryotic and Eukaryotic genomes? [16]
8. Write short notes on:
(a) GRAIL II
(b) ORF [16]
SET : 2
1. Describe the following:
(a) Uniform Resource Locator (URL)
(b) Role of Internet in Bioinformatics [16]
2. Write a note on Parametric sequence alignment? [16]
3. How to multiply Aligned sequences and assessing quality of alignment? [16]
4. Define Secondary databases? Give an overview of secondary databases? [16]
5. What is Block Substitution Matrices (BLOSUM)? Describe them in detail? [16]
6. Write short notes on:
(a) Star decomposition
(b) PHYLIP programs [16]
7. Define Genome? Outline the structure and composition of prokaryotic and Eukaryotic genomes? [16]
8. Write an essay on gene Prediction in Eukaryotes? [16]
SET :3
1. What are the basic Computer skills required for Bioinformatician? Write elementary commands in Linux operating system? [16]
2. Explain about different BLAST programs in detail with a neat flow charts and how are they useful? [16]
3. How to multiply Aligned sequences and assessing quality of alignment? [16]
4. Write short notes on:
(a) Tr-EMBL
(b) P-fam [16]
5. Name the Database search algorithm employed in alignment of sequences and explain in detail about any one of it? [16]
6. Discuss in detail about Character based methods in phylogenetic Analysis? [16]
7. Describe briefly about different types of Gene mapping? [16]
8. Write short notes on:
(a) GRAIL II
(b) ORF [16]
SET : 4
1. Write short notes on the following:
(a) Domain and Domain name
(b) Modem
(c) Routers
(d) FQDN [16]
2. Describe the following:
(a) Importance of GAPs and GAP penalties in sequence alignment
(b) Edit distance of two strings
(c) Dot matrix Analysis [16]
3. What is a multiple alignment and why we do it? [16]
4. Write short notes on:
(a) PDB
(b) SCOP [16]
5. What is Block Substitution Matrices (BLOSUM)? Describe them in detail? [16]
6. Describe about Phylogenetic tree construction by using UPGMA method? [16]
7. Write short notes on:
(a) Computer tools for sequencing
(b) DNA fingerprinting [16]
8. Write short notes on:
(a) GRAIL II
(b) ORF [16]
comments (0) Permalink
LABELS: BIOINFORMATICS
BIO INFORMATICS Question Papers (Regular, 2007)
POSTED BY M.S.CHOWDARY AT 7:50 AM
SET : 1
1. Write short notes on the following :
a) Domain and domain name
b) Modem
c) Routers
d) FQDN
2. What types of scoring matrix is used by BLAST? Explain about different substitution matrices?
3. Explain in detail about the databases of multiple alignments?
4. Write an assay on different genome (DNA) information resource?
5. Who created BLAST and explain the type of scoring matrix used by BLAST?
6. Discuss about relationships of phylogenetic analysis to sequence alignment?
7. What are genomic MAP elements? Explain about different types of Maps?
8. What is a gene? Write the fine structure of the gene and compare the structural differences of gene between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
SET : 2
1. What is telnet? Explain its functioning system?
2. What is meant by similarity searching? Explain in detail about sequence similarity search tools?
3. What is multiple sequence alignment? Describe the applications of multiple sequence alignments?
4. Describe the following :
a) Structural classification of proteins
b) The CATH (Class, Architecture, Topology, Homology ) databases.
5. What is Block Substitution Matrices (BLOSUM)? Describe them in detail.
6. Explain the significance of phylogenetic analysis in inferring the relationship between distantly related sequences?
7. Describe the steps involved in sequence assembly?
8. Write short notes on :
a) Contant based methods
b) Comparative methods
c) Central dogma in gene expression.
SET : 3
1. Explain the steps involved in protein prediction and modeling by using Bioinformatics?
2. What are Direct and Inverted repeats? Suggest a comparision method for knowing direct and inverted repeats and explain about it?
3. Write short notes on :
a) CLUSTAL W
b) PILEUP
4. What is meant by database similarity searches? Explain different ways of database similarity searching?
5. What is Block Substitution Matrices (BLOSUM)? Describe them in detail.
6. What are ultra metric trees and distances? Describe them in detail.
7. What are the important problems that will be encountered in sequencing and explain about them?
8. Write short notes on :
a) GRAIL II
b) ORF
SET : 4
1. What is Bioinformatics? Describe its scope in modern biology?
2. Explain about different BLAST programs in detail with a neat flow chart and how are they useful?
3. Define Multiple Alignments? Describe in detail methods employed for Multiple sequence alignment?
4. Explain about FASTA sequence database similarity searching?
5. Describe the different BLAST suits used to search DNA and protein databases.
6. Discuss in detail about character based methods in phylogenetic analysis?
7. Define gene mapping? Explain about applications of mapping?
8. Write short notes on :
c) GRAIL II
d) ORF
comments (0) Permalink
LABELS: BIOINFORMATICS
BIO INFORMATICS Question Papers (Supple, 2006)
POSTED BY M.S.CHOWDARY AT 7:49 AM
SET : 1
1. Why is bioinformatics important and explain its applications in the field of biology?
2. What is a sequence alignment? Describe the significance of sequence alignment in detail and list out the types of sequence alignment?
3. Write about hidden markov models of multiple sequence alignment?
4. How can you classify sequence database? Describe about nucleotide sequence databases?
5. Who created BLAST and explain the type of scoring matrix used by BLAST?
6. Discuss about relationships of phylogenetic analysis to sequence alignment?
7. Write short notes on :
a) Computer tools for sequencing
b) DNA finger printing
8. What is a gene? Write the fine structure of the gene and compare the structural differences of gene between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
SET : 2
1. Describe the following :
a) Uniform resource locator
b) Role of internet in bioinformatics
2. Explain about different BLAST program in detail with a neat flow charts and how are they useful?
3. Write short notes on :
a) Relationship of multiple sequence alignment to phylogenetic analysis.
b) Uses of multiple sequence alignment.
4. Write an essay on different genome (DNA) information resources?
5. Explain the importance of substitution matrices in sequence alignment?
6. Describe about phylogenetic tree construction by using UPGMA method?
7. Define genome? Outline the structure and composition of prokaryotic and eukaryotic genomes?
8. What are neural networks? How they are useful in predicting a gene structure?
SET : 3
1. What are the main objectives of bioinformatics and what does bioinformatics comprise of?
2. Describe dynamic programming algorithm in detail?
3. What is multiple sequence alignment? Describe the applications of multiple sequence alignments?
4. Write a brief notes on the following :
a) Sub division of genbank
b) Structure of a genebank record
5. What is Block Substitution Matrices (BLOSUM)? Describe them in detail.
6. Describe about phylogenetic tree construction by using UPGMA method?
7. Define genome? Outline the structure and composition of prokaryotic and eukaryotic genomes?
8. Write short notes on :
a) GRAIL II
b) ORF
SET : 4
1. What is bioinformatics? Describe its scope in modern biology?
2. Explain about computational method for aligning DNA and protein sequences?
3. Describe any one progressive method of multiple alignment?
4. Define databases? Give an overview of biological databases?
5. Name the database search algorithm employed in alignment of sequences and explain in detail about any one of it?
6. Describe the following :
a) Perfect phylogeny
b) The relationship of phylogenetic analysis and sequence alignment.
7. Write short notes on :
a) GRAIL II
b) ORF.
comments (0) Permalink
LABELS: BIOINFORMATICS
BIO INFORMATICS Question Papers (Regular, 2006)
POSTED BY M.S.CHOWDARY AT 7:47 AM
SET : 1
1. What is Bioinformatics? Describe its scope in modern biology?
2. Write short note on :
a) Dot plot
b) Local alignment
3. Write short notes on :
a) Relationship of multiple sequence alignment to phylogenetic analysis
b) Uses of multiple sequence alignment
4. Explain in detail about structural databases?
5. What is Block Substitution Matrices (BLOSUM)? Describe them in detail.
6. Describe the following :
a) Perfect phylogeny
b) The relationship of phylogenetic analysis and sequence assembly?
7. Discuss in detail about the steps involved in sequence assembly?
8. Write brief account on any two of the following :
a) Codov usage
b) Intron and exons
c) Regulatory sequences and their role.
SET : 2
1. Explain the steps involved in protein prediction and modeling by using bioinformatics?
2. Explain in detail about dynamics : Programming method for sequence alignment?
3. Give the general account on different common multiple sequence alignment methods?
4. Explain about BLAST sequence database search?
5. What is Block Substitution Matrices (BLOSUM)? Describe them in detail.
6. Describe the following :
c) Perfect phylogeny
d) The relationship of phylogenetic analysis and sequence assembly?
7. Define genome? Outline the structure and composition of prokaryotic and eukaryotic genomes?
8. Write short notes on :
a) GRAIL II
b) ORF
SET : 3
1. What is Bioinformatics? Describe its scope in modern biology?
2. Explain about computational method for aligning DNA and protein sequences.
3. What is multiple sequence alignment? Describe the applications of multiple sequence alignments?
4. Describe the following :
a) Structural classification of proteins
b) The CATH (Class, Architecture, Topology, Homology ) databases.
5. What is Block Substitution Matrices (BLOSUM)? Describe them in detail.
6. Define parsimony? Write in detail how parsimony is used to infer phylogenetic relationships?
7. Write short notes on :
a) Clone map
b) STS map
8. Write short notes on :
c) GRAIL II
d) ORF
comments (0) Permalink
LABELS: BIOINFORMATICS
BIO INFORMATICS Question Papers (Supple, 2005)
POSTED BY M.S.CHOWDARY AT 7:46 AM
SET : 1
1. What is HTTP? Explain about operation of HTTP? [16]
2. Explain about computational method for aligning DNA and Protein sequences?[16]
3. Define Multiple Alignment? Describe in detail about methods employed for Multiple sequence alignment? [16]
4. What is meant by Database Similarity searches? Explain different ways of Database similarity searching? [16]
5. Explain about Percent Accepted Mutation? [16]
6. Describe the following:
(a) Perfect phylogeny
(b) The relationship of Phylogenetic analysis and sequence alignment. [16]
7. Define Genome? Outline the structure and composition of prokaryotic and Eukaryotic genomes? [16]
8. What is a gene? Write the fine structure of the gene and compare the structural differences of gene between prokaryotes and eukaryotes? [16]
SET :2
1. Explain the steps involved in protein prediction and modeling by using Bioinformatics? [16]
2. Give an account of BLAST programs and how are they useful? [16]
3. Explain about Localized alignments in sequences? [16]
4. Describe the different databases available for the storage of protein information resources? [16]
5. Explain about Percent Accepted Mutation? [16]
6. Discuss about Concept of Trees in phylogenetic Analysis? [16]
7. Define Genome? Outline the structure and composition of prokaryotic and Eukaryotic genomes? [16]
8. Write short notes on:
(a) GRAIL II
(b) ORF [16]
SET :3
1. Describe the following:
(a) Uniform Resource Locator (URL)
(b) Role of Internet in Bioinformatics [16]
2. Definer Multiple sequence alignment? Describe in detail about methods employed in Multiple sequence alignment? [16]
3. Describe any one progressive method of multiple sequence alignment? [16]
4. How can you classify sequence databases? Describe about Nucleotide sequence databases? [16]
5. Explain about Pairwise database searching. [16]
6. Discus about relationships of Phylogenetic analysis to sequence alignment? [16]
7. Write an essay on sequence assembly and Gene Identification? [16]
8. Write short notes on:
(a) GRAIL II
(b) ORF [16]
SET :4
1. What is Bioinformatics? Describe its scope in modern biology? [16]
2. What type of scoring matrix is used by BLAST? Explain about different substitution matrices? [16]
3. What is multiple sequence alignment? Describe the applications of multiple se-quence alignments? [16]
4. Write in detail about DNA versus Protein searches? [16]
5. Write short notes on:
(a) BLOSUM
(b) Differentiate between PAM & BLOSUM [16]
6. Discus about relationships of Phylogenetic analysis to sequence alignment? [16]
7. What is DNA mapping? Describe its applications? [16]
8. Explain in detail about Feature based approaches to Gene Prediction? [16]
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)