CANCER BIOLOGY

CANCER BIOLOGY Question Papers (Supple, 2006)
SET : 1

1. Describe the phase of cell cycle and the events that 0ccur in each. Name the important phases that check cell cycle progression.

2. Write short notes on any two of the following viruses as causative agents for human cancer :

a) Hepatitis B virus

b) SV 40

c) Adenovirus

d) Papilloma virus.

3. P53 is designated as the guardian of the genome. Support the concept.

4. Discuss the role of different environmental substances as causative agents of cancers providing some specific examples.

5. What are ionizing radiations and what type of damages could they produce in the DNA molecule? Discuss in detail.Correlate DNA damage with carcinogenesis.

6. The international comparison of clinical staging is standardized in 1959 under “TNM” system. Explain in detail the method followed in staging the cancer by the TNM method.

7. What is the main difference between normal Radiographic Imaging and Magnetic Resonance Imaging? Which is superior in diagnosis and why?

8. What are alkylating drugs? What is their basic mechanism of action to suppress or kill cancer cells? Name some of the most commonly used drugs of this category mentioning their specificity against selected cancers.

SET : 2

1. Describe the phases of cell cycle and the events that occur in each. Name the important phases that check cell cycle progression.

2. Mutation in proto oncogenes that change them to oncogenes are dominant. Provide a correct explanation with suitable examples.

3. Describe the function of the normal Rb gene in controlling cell cycle progression.

4. Describe the tests commonly used in screening chemicals for their carcinogenic potentials.

5. Briefly discuss the different agents that could be possible carcinogens.

Mention the source of these agents that enter human environment.

In general, what biological effects can these agents cause?

6. The American Cancer Society has listed some very common warning signals as cautions. List these signals. Why is it important to check for these signals? Discuss.

7. Enumerate the different biopsy techniques with reference to their specific usefulness.

8. What is the basis of gene therapy in cancer treatment? It is expected to be more potent and specific against specific cancers – discuss this in the light of available information and trail phases of the treatment.

SET : 3

1. Describe the phases of cell cycle and the events that occur in each. Name the important phases that check cell cycle progression.

2. Name any three different types of proteins that control growth in mammalian cells.

Describe oncogenes resulting from mutations in these protein coding genes. Name the tumors they induce.

3. Which gene involvement is indicated in patient with breast and ovarian carcinomas?

Discuss in detail the mechanism controlling the induction of these cancers.

4. Name a few base analogues and the mechanism of action of mutagenesis.

5. Name the different units that measure radiation energy.

Describe the rate of release of energy and its biological effects.

6. The American Cancer Society has listed some very common warning signals as cautions. List these signals. Why is it important to check for these signals? Discuss.

7. Name the tests useful in early detection & staging of cancer. Briefly describe them.

8. Describe the different types of radiations and their sources that are used in radiotherapy for the treatment of cancers. Also describe the radiation units that measure the dose.

SET : 4

1. Enumerate in detail the pathway by which Ras protein checks cell cycle progression in response to environmental factors.

2. Write short notes on any 2 of the following oncogenes :

a) erb A

b) erb B

c) H – ras

d) Src

3. Discuss the relationship between BCL – 2 & P53 genes and how does mutation in either of them effect the normal cellular process.

4. Discuss the role of different environmental substances as causative agents of cancers providing some specific examples.

5. Briefly discuss the different agents that could be possible carcinogens.

Mention the source of these agents that enter human environment.

In general, what biological effects can these agents cause?

6. The American Cancer Society has listed some very common warning signals as cautions. List these signals. Why is it important to check for these signals? Discuss.

7. What is aspiration biopsy? Describe the techniques, its usefulness and the risk involved.

8. Cyclophosphamide (Endoxan) is the most commonly used drug, the drug of choice.

Support your answer by giving its special activity and its broad spectrum usage.

POSTED BY VAGDEVI AT 12:05 AM 0 COMMENTS
LABELS: MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF CANCER
REACTIONS:
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF CANCER Question Papers (Supple, 2008)
SET : 1

1. Cell fusion studies indicated the following :

a) Experiment 1 – G1 cells fused with S cells entered into S – Phase.

b) Experiment 2 – G2 cells fused with S cells did not enter into S – Phase.

Provide a correct explanation for the results observed in the two experiments.

2. Name any three DNA viruses that induce cancers.

Discuss the mechanism of induction of cancers.

3. Why Rb gene is called a tumor suppressor gene? Support your answer.

4. Which chemical carcinogens are involved in the induction of skin cancers? Name the source of these carcinogens.

5. Write short notes on any two of the following :

a) UV – A light and the carcinogenic activity.

b) UV – B light and the carcinogenic activity.

c) UV – C light and the carcinogenic.

6. List the food components that could associated with carcinogenic activity.

List the food components that could give protection against carcinogenic activity of other compounds.

7. Compare the two techniques – Biopsy & Papsmear with reference to technical ease, results obtained, tissues to be screened and risk factors. Are they mutually exclusion techniques?

8. What properties of the tumors are considered in planning radiation dose? Why are radiation doses split over a period of time including the daily dose also being fractionated?

SET : 2

1. Rb along with E2F acts as a molecular switch critically regulating gene expression and cell cycle regulation. Describe the mechanism.

2. How does Ras protein control cell cycle? Majority of C – Ras oncogenes obtained from cancerous tissue have mutations in codon 12, 13, 59 or 61 in the coding sequence. Suggest an explanation.

3. Define familial retinob;astoma.

4. What are xenobiotics? Describe the mecganism involved in metabolism of xenobiotics.

5. Discuss in detail the role of DNA repair enzyme in repairing mutagenic damage induced by carcinogenic agents.

6. The American Cancer Society has listed some very common warning signals as cautions. List these signals. Why is it important to check for these signals? Discuss.

7. On what principles does ultrasonography work?

Cancers in which suspected parts of the body are screened by ultrasonography?

8. Name the major conventional therapies for cancer. Summarize the role of each in cancer treatment.

SET : 3

1. Define and differentiate START and Restriction Point.

What are the factors and mechanisms controlling passage of cells through these points?

2. How does Ras protein control cell cycle? Majority of C – Ras oncogenes obtained from cancerous tissue have mutations in codon 12, 13, 59 or 61 in the coding sequence. Suggest an explanation.

3. Why Rb gene is called a tumor suppressor gene? Support your answer.

4. Discuss the role of deletion and duplication in cancer induction.

Taking a specific example, show the mechanism involved in induction of deletion and duplication.

5. What are sunscreens made of and what potential do they pose in terms of cancer induction? What role does P53 gene play in removing UV induced damage in skin?

6. Write short notes on any two of the following :

a) invasion

b) Intravasion

c) Metastatic colonization.

7. Write short notes on the usefulness of the following in cancer diagnosis :

a. anisography

b. isotope Scan

c. ultrasonography

d. mammogram.

8. Describe the 2 main types of radiation treatments, their source and the conditions that are considered for their implantation.

SET : 4

1. Describe the molecular mechanism of CdK regulation. Suppourt your answer with a diagram.

2. Name any 3 oncogenes which function as receptors and the protein encoded by their protooncogene. Discuss the role of one oncogene in inducing cancer.

3. Name the 2 different types of Retinoblastomas. Discuss the genetic basis for each.

4. Describe Ames Test in detail. Which chemicals are subjected to this test?

5. Name the different units that measure radiation energy.

Describe the rate of release of energy and its biological effects.

6. Cancer development is a multistep process. Discuss a specific example to support this concept.

7. Tumors of which part of the body can be diagnosed by endoscopy? Can any other techniques be used for diagnosis of tumor in these parts of the body? Comment.

8. Name the major conventional therapies for cancer. Summarize the role of each in cancer treatment.

POSTED BY VAGDEVI AT 12:02 AM 0 COMMENTS
LABELS: MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF CANCER
REACTIONS:
FRIDAY, OCTOBER 17, 2008

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF CANCER-NOV 2K7
Code No: RR412305 Set No. 1
IV B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2007
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF CANCER
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. (a) Define and differentiate START and Restriction point.
(b) What are the factors and mechanisms controlling passage of cells through
these points? [8+8]
2. Name one proto oncogene that functions in signal transduction pathway controlling
cellular proliferation and its oncogenic protein leading to malignant transformation.
[16]
3. Explain why individuals who develop non-hereditary retinoblastoma usually have
tumors in only one eye where as those with hereditary retinoblastoma usually de-
velop tumors in both eyes. [16]
4. Discuss the molecular basis of cancer induction by chemical carcinogens. [16]
5. Write short notes on any 2 of the following:-
(a) UV-A light and the carcinogenic activity
(b) UV-B light and the carcinogenic activity
(c) UV-C light and the carcinogenic activity. [8+8]
6. The international comparison of clinical staging is standardized in 1959 under
“TNM” system. Explain in detail the method followed in staging the cancer by the
TNM method. [16]
7. What are Microarray assays? How useful are they in tumor diagnosis? Comment.
[16]
8. What is the main purpose of palliation (surgery) and in what type of cancer is it
recommended? [16]
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1 of 1
Code No: RR412305 Set No. 2
IV B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2007
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF CANCER
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. Enumerate in detail the pathway by which Ras protein checks cell cycle progression
in response to environmental factors. [16]
2. (a) Define transformation of cells.
(b) Describe the changes produced when cells in normal tissue culture are trans-
formed by tumor viruses. [8+8]
3. Describe the function of the normal Rb gene in controlling cell cycle progression.
[16]
4. Which chemical carcinogens are involved in the induction of skin cancers? Name
the source of these carcinogens. [16]
5. Discuss on the every day exposure of human population to radiations from nat-
ural and artificial sources and proportions contributed by each. Correlate these
exposures with cancers in the present era. [16]
6. What is invasion and describe the mechanism of invasion. [16]
7. What is the main difference between normal radiographic imaging and Magnetic
Resonance Imaging? Which is superior in diagnosis and why? [16]
8. Provide the importance of discussing the psycho-sociological aspects of the patients
as a pre- treatment preparation. [16]
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1 of 1
Code No: RR412305 Set No. 3
IV B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2007
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF CANCER
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. Write short notes on any 2 of the following:-
(a) TGF-
(b) Family of E2F
(c) MPF
(d) Cyclins. [8+8]
2. (a) Define transformation of cells.
(b) Describe the changes produced when cells in normal tissue culture are trans-
formed by tumor viruses. [8+8]
3. Describe Rb gene locus and the possible mutations that repress the activity of Rb
protein which induces cancer. [16]
4. Which chemical carcinogens are involved in the induction of skin cancers? Name
the source of these carcinogens. [16]
5. What are the 3 types of UV light? Describe in detail the specific mutagenic actions
produced by each and mention their carcinogenic potentials. [16]
6. Summarize the steps involved in metastasis. [16]
7. What is Aspiration biopsy? Describe the technique, its usefulness and the risk
involved. [16]
8. Write short notes on the following: - [4+4+4+4]
(a) Hypoxic cells
(b) Radiation effect on cell cycle
(c) Cell repair
(d) Repopulation following radiation treatment.
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1 of 1
Code No: RR412305 Set No. 4
IV B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2007
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF CANCER
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. Enumerate in detail the pathway by which Ras protein checks cell cycle progression
in response to environmental factors. [16]
2. (a) Define transformation of cells.
(b) Describe the changes produced when cells in normal tissue culture are trans-
formed by tumor viruses. [8+8]
3. What type of mutation causes proto oncogenes to convert them to oncogenes? Give
one specific example. [16]
4. Discuss the different sources of carcinogens that enter our environment and the
proportion contributed by each of these sources towards the development of human
cancers. [16]
5. Write short notes on any 2 of the following:-
(a) UV-A light and the carcinogenic activity
(b) UV-B light and the carcinogenic activity
(c) UV-C light and the carcinogenic activity. [8+8]
6. Environmental factors including diet play a very important role in developing can-
cer. Distinguish the dietary factors associated with carcinogenesis showing the
association of food with a specific cancer. [16]
7. What is the main difference between normal radiographic imaging and Magnetic
Resonance Imaging? Which is superior in diagnosis and why? [16]
8. Provide the importance of discussing the psycho-sociological aspects of the patients
as a pre- treatment preparation. [16]
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1 of 1
POSTED BY VAGDEVI AT 5:48 AM 0 COMMENTS
LABELS: MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF CANCER
REACTIONS:
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF CANCER-NOV 2K5
Code No: RR412305 Set No. 1
IV B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2005
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF CANCER
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. (a) Define and differentiate START and Restriction point.
(b) What are the factors and mechanisms controlling passage of cells through
these points? [8+8]
2. How does Ras protein control cell cycle? Majority of C-Ras oncogenes obtained
from cancerous tissue have mutations in codon 12, 13, 59 or 61 in the coding
sequence. Suggest an explanation. [16]
3. Compare and contrast the anti-tumor activity of P53 and Rb gene. [16]
4. Write short notes on any 4 of the following:- [4x4]
(a) Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
(b) Aromatic amines
(c) Nitrose amines and nitrose amides
(d) Halogenated compounds
(e) Natural products
(f) Alkalyting agents.
5. (a) Name the different units that measure radiation energy.
(b) Describe the rate of release of energy and its biological effects. [8+8]
6. The American Cancer Society has listed some very common warning signals as
cautions. List these signals. Why is it important to check for these signals? Discuss.
[16]
7. On what principle does a mammogram work? Explain its usefulness and drawbacks
in diagnosis. [16]
8. What is the basis of gene therapy in cancer treatment? It is expected to be more
potent and specific against specific cancers- discuss this in the light of available
information and trial phases of the treatment. [16]
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1 of 1
Code No: RR412305 Set No. 2
IV B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2005
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF CANCER
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. Write short notes on any 2 of the following:-
(a) Cyclins
(b) Cyclin dependent kinases
(c) Maturation promotion factor. [8+8]
2. A gene for the growth factor GM-CSF is inserted into a cell that has receptors for
GM-CSF. What molecular changes occur in this cell to convert it to a malignant
cell? [16]
3. (a) Define proto oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes.
(b) The normal allele for proto oncogene is considered recessive while that of the
tumor suppressor gene is dominant. Support this concept with explanation.
[8+8]
4. Which chemical carcinogens are involved in the induction of skin cancers? Name
the source of these carcinogens. [16]
5. What are sunscreen creams made of and what potential damage do they pose in
terms of cancer induction? What role does P53 gene play in removing UV induced
damage in skin? [16]
6. Summarize the steps involved in metastasis. [16]
7. What is Aspiration biopsy? Describe the technique, its usefulness and the risk
involved. [16]
8. What is the main purpose of palliation (surgery) and in what type of cancer is it
recommended? [16]
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1 of 1
Code No: RR412305 Set No. 3
IV B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2005
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF CANCER
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. Write short notes on any 2 of the following:-
(a) Cyclins
(b) Cyclin dependent kinases
(c) Maturation promotion factor. [8+8]
2. Describe the mechanism by which SV40/Human papillioma virus cause human
cancers. [16]
3. (a) List at least 5 different types of tumor suppressor genes.
(b) Describe in short the function of 3 of them in suppressing tumors and possible
cancers they induce when mutated. [8+8]
4. What are Xenobiotics? Describe the mechanism involved in metabolism of xenobi-
otics. [16]
5. Write short notes on any 2 of the following:-
(a) UV-A light and the carcinogenic activity
(b) UV-B light and the carcinogenic activity
(c) UV-C light and the carcinogenic activity. [8+8]
6. Cancer development is a multi-step process. Discuss a specific example to support
this concept. [16]
7. Name the different forms of radiographic examinations in diagnosis of tumors of
different types. [16]
8. Describe the response of different tissues following radiation exposure. [16]
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1 of 1
Code No: RR412305 Set No. 4
IV B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2005
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF CANCER
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. Write short notes on any 2 of the following:-
(a) TGF-
(b) Family of E2F
(c) MPF
(d) Cyclins. [8+8]
2. How does Ras protein control cell cycle? Majority of C-Ras oncogenes obtained
from cancerous tissue have mutations in codon 12, 13, 59 or 61 in the coding
sequence. Suggest an explanation. [16]
3. P53 is designated as the guardian of the genome. Support the concept. [16]
4. What mechanism do chemical carcinogens use in transforming a normal cell into a
malignant cell? Provide one specific example. [16]
5. Describe in detail the various chromosomal damages that ionizing radiations can
produce. Correlate these chromosomal damages with carcinogenesis. [16]
6. What is invasion and describe the mechanism of invasion. [16]
7. Write short notes on the usefulness of the following in cancer diagnosis: - [4x4]
(a) Angiography
(b) Isotope Scan
(c) Ultrasonography.
(d) Mammogram.
8. What biological effects are produced with radiation therapy and how are they
related to cancer treatment? [16]
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1 of 1
POSTED BY VAGDEVI AT 5:39 AM 0 COMMENTS
LABELS: MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF CANCER
REACTIONS:
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF CANCER-REG 2K6
Code No: RR412305 Set No. 1
IV B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2006
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF CANCER
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. (a) Describe the various check points operating in animal cells.
(b) Discuss the mechanisms by which the check points control cell cycle progres-
sion. [8+8]
2. How does Ras protein control cell cycle? Majority of C-Ras oncogenes obtained
from cancerous tissue have mutations in codon 12, 13, 59 or 61 in the coding
sequence. Suggest an explanation. [16]
3. Compare and contrast the anti-tumor activity of P53 and Rb gene. [16]
4. Describe Ames Test in detail. Which chemicals are subjected to this test? [16]
5. (a) What are ionizing radiations and what type of damages could they produce
in the DNA molecule? Discuss in detail.
(b) Correlate DNA damage with carcinogenesis. [8+8]
6. (a) List the food components that could be associated with carcinogenic activity.
(b) List the food components that could give protection against carcinogenic ac-
tivity of other compounds. [8+8]
7. Name the different forms of radiographic examinations in diagnosis of tumors of
different types. [16]
8. What different types of damages are expected with radiation therapy and what
response is expected in normal cells and tumor cells to radiation dose?
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1 of 1
Code No: RR412305 Set No. 2
IV B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2006
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF CANCER
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. Write short notes on any 2 of the following:-
(a) TGF-
(b) Family of E2F
(c) MPF
(d) Cyclins. [8+8]
2. (a) What is autocrine induction?
(b) Write the mechanism of autocrine induction of growth factors leading to ma-
lignant transformation in the cell. [8+8]
3. What type of mutation causes proto oncogenes to convert them to oncogenes? Give
one specific example. [16]
4. Discuss the role of different environmental substances as causative agents of cancers
providing some specific examples. [16]
5. What are the 3 types of UV light? Describe in detail the specific mutagenic actions
produced by each and mention their carcinogenic potentials. [16]
6. Detail the characteristic features that differentiate a benign tumor from a malignant
tumor. [16]
7. (a) On what principle does ultrasonography work?
(b) Cancers in which suspected parts of the body are screened by ultasonography?
[8+8]
8. Describe the different types of radiations and their sources that are used in radio-
therapy for the treatment of cancers. Also describe the radiation units that measure
the dose. [16]
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1 of 1
Code No: RR412305 Set No. 3
IV B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2006
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF CANCER
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. Name a signal transducer molecule that functions in normal cell signaling and its
mutated form which induces cancer. [16]
2. Mutations in proto oncogenes that change them to oncogenes are dominant. Pro-
vide a correct explanation with suitable examples. [16]
3. Name the 2 different types of retinoblastomas. Discuss the genetic basis for each.
[16]
4. Bruce Ames in 1984 stated that “We are eating 10,000 times more of natures’
pesticides than man-made pesticides”. Comment on this statement. [16]
5. Write short notes on any 2 of the following:-
(a) UV-A light and the carcinogenic activity
(b) UV-B light and the carcinogenic activity
(c) UV-C light and the carcinogenic activity. [8+8]
6. The American Cancer Society has listed some very common warning signals as
cautions. List these signals. Why is it important to check for these signals? Discuss.
[16]
7. Name the different forms of radiographic examinations in diagnosis of tumors of
different types. [16]
8. Which types of tumors could be subjected to surgical treatment? Mention the
benefits and hazards of the surgical procedure. [16]
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1 of 1
Code No: RR412305 Set No. 4
IV B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2006
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF CANCER
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. Write short notes on any 2 of the following:-
(a) TGF-
(b) Family of E2F
(c) MPF
(d) Cyclins. [8+8]
2. (a) Define transformation of cells.
(b) Describe the changes produced when cells in normal tissue culture are trans-
formed by tumor viruses. [8+8]
3. Which gene involvement is indicated in patient with breast and ovarian carcinomas?
Discuss in detail the mechanism controlling the induction of these cancers. [16]
4. Benzo [a] pyrine is the most well known carcinogen. Which group of chemical
carcinogens produce it and by what mechanism? Name the specific cancers that
show the involvement of this molecule? [16]
5. (a) Name the different units that measure radiation energy.
(b) Describe the rate of release of energy and its biological effects. [8+8]
6. Summarize the steps involved in metastasis. [16]
7. Discuss the usefulness of the Antigen Titre Values in blood tests. Name the antigens
that are tested and their association in the diagnosis and prognosis of specific
cancer. [16]
8. What factors have to be evaluated to make an intelligent plan of the treatment
schedule for the cancer patients? [16]
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1 of 1
POSTED BY VAGDEVI AT 5:36 AM 0 COMMENTS
LABELS: MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF CANCER
REACTIONS:
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF CANCER-SUPPLY 2K7
Code No: RR412305 Set No. 1
IV B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, February 2007
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF CANCER
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. Write short notes on any 2 of the following:-
(a) TGF-
(b) Family of E2F
(c) MPF
(d) Cyclins. [8+8]
2. (a) What is autocrine induction?
(b) Write the mechanism of autocrine induction of growth factors leading to ma-
lignant transformation in the cell. [8+8]
3. P53 is designated as the guardian of the genome. Support the concept. [16]
4. Which chemical carcinogens are involved in the induction of skin cancers? Name
the source of these carcinogens. [16]
5. (a) Name the different units that measure radiation energy.
(b) Describe the rate of release of energy and its biological effects. [8+8]
6. Comment on the following for their role in carcinogenesis: -
(a) Fruits & vegetables
(b) Hormones
(c) Vitamins. [6+6+4]
7. Name the different forms of radiographic examinations in diagnosis of tumors of
different types. [16]
8. (a) Name the plant alkaloids used as antineoplastic drugs. What is their main
mechanism of action?
(b) Taking 2 examples from this group, describe their specific action, the type of
cancers treated and side effects produced by them. [8+8]
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1 of 1
Code No: RR412305 Set No. 2
IV B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, February 2007
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF CANCER
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. (a) Name the 2 main families of proteins that control cell cycle.
(b) Also the specific complexes formed by these families of proteins in animal cells
that control the cell cycle at G1 and G2 check points. [8+8]
2. (a) Discuss the possible mechanisms by which proto oncogenes give rise to onco-
genes. [6]
(b) Give a specific example of at least 2 proto oncogenes that have become onco-
genes and their protein products. [4]
(c) Cellular activity that is affected by these oncogenes. [6]
3. Name the 2 different types of retinoblastomas. Discuss the genetic basis for each.
[16]
4. Describe Ames Test in detail. Which chemicals are subjected to this test? [16]
5. (a) Name the different units that measure radiation energy.
(b) Describe the rate of release of energy and its biological effects. [8+8]
6. The American Cancer Society has listed some very common warning signals as
cautions. List these signals. Why is it important to check for these signals? Discuss.
[16]
7. Write short notes on the usefulness of the following in cancer diagnosis: - [4x4]
(a) Angiography
(b) Isotope Scan
(c) Ultrasonography.
(d) Mammogram.
8. Name the major classes of drugs that are used in chemotherapy of cancer patients
with at least one example in each and describe the mechanism of their action. [16]
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1 of 1
Code No: RR412305 Set No. 3
IV B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, February 2007
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF CANCER
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. Describe the phases of cell cycle and the events that occur in each. Name the
important phases that check cell cycle progression. [16]
2. Name one proto oncogene that functions in signal transduction pathway controlling
cellular proliferation and its oncogenic protein leading to malignant transformation.
[16]
3. What type of mutation causes proto oncogenes to convert them to oncogenes? Give
one specific example. [16]
4. Discuss the role of different environmental substances as causative agents of cancers
providing some specific examples. [16]
5. Write short notes on any 2 of the following:-
(a) UV radiation and carcinogenesis
(b) Ionizing radiation and carcinogenesis
(c) Defects in DNA repair enzymes and carcinogenesis. [8+8]
6. The American Cancer Society has listed some very common warning signals as
cautions. List these signals. Why is it important to check for these signals? Discuss.
[16]
7. Compare the 2 techniques- ‘Biopsy’ and ‘Papsmear’ with reference to technical
ease, results obtained, tissues to be screened and risk factors. Are they mutually
exclusion techniques? [16]
8. What biological effects are produced with radiation therapy and how are they
related to cancer treatment? [16]
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1 of 1
Code No: RR412305 Set No. 4
IV B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, February 2007
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF CANCER
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. (a) Name the different members of the family of cyclins and cyclin dependent
kinases
(b) With the help of a diagram, demonstrate how these members control cell cycle
regulation. [8+8]
2. (a) Define transformation of cells.
(b) Describe the changes produced when cells in normal tissue culture are trans-
formed by tumor viruses. [8+8]
3. Describe the function of the normal Rb gene in controlling cell cycle progression.
[16]
4. (a) Based on the mode of action on DNA, into how many, groups are chemicals
classified? Name them.
(b) Describe in detail the mechanism of action of one of the groups in inducing
mutations. [8+8]
5. (a) Name the different units that measure radiation energy.
(b) Describe the rate of release of energy and its biological effects. [8+8]
6. The American Cancer Society has listed some very common warning signals as
cautions. List these signals. Why is it important to check for these signals? Discuss.
[16]
7. Describe the basis on which radio labeled monoclonal antibodies Scintigraphic
imaging is used. Which antigens are detected by this test? [16]
8. Name the major conventional therapies for cancer. Summarize the role of each in
cancer treatment. [16]
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