PROCESS ENGINEERING PRINCIPLES

PROCESS ENGINEERING PRINCIPLES-07A REG 2K8
Code No: 07A12301 Set No. 1
I B.Tech Regular Examinations, May/Jun 2008
PROCESS ENGINEERING PRINCIPLES
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. (a) What are the various unit operations involved in downstream processing?
(b) Explain in detail about the various unit operations involved in process indus-
tries. [8+8]
2. 17.2 Grams of N2O4 gas, when heated to 100oC at 720 mm Hg undergoes 90% dis-
sociation according to the equation N2O4 ! 2NO2. Calculate the volume occupied
at 100oC and 720 mm Hg assuming ideal gas law. [16]
3. State and prove Bernoulli’s theorem for incompressible fluid and indicate the cor-
rections necessary for its applications. [16]
4. (a) If the velocity distribution of a fluid over a plate is given by u=(3/4)y-y2 where
u is the velocity in metre per sec at a distance of y meters above the plate,
determine the shears stress at y=0.15 meters.
Take the dynamic viscosity of the fluid as 8.5×10−5 kg-sec/m.
(b) Classify the types of fluid. [8+8]
5. Write briefly on the following :
(a) Friction factor chart
(b) Velocity distribution in laminar flow
(c) Velocity distribution in turbulent flow
(d) Indicate the difference between skin friction and form friction. [4+4+4+4]
6. Explain
(a) Drag coefficients of typical shapes
(b) Ergun equation. [8+8]
7. (a) Derive an expression for the pressure difference across two limbs of a differ-
ential manometer containing two gauge fluids, mutually immissible. What
factors influence the sensitivity?
(b) A simple U-tube manometer is installed across an orifice meter. The manome-
ter is filled with mercury (sp. Gravity =13.6) and the liquid above the mercury
is carbon tetrachloride (sp. Gravity =1.6). The manometer reads 300 mm.
What is the pressure difference over the manometer in Newton’s per square
meter? [8+8]
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Code No: 07A12301 Set No. 1
8. (a) Explain the construction and working of a volute pump. Explain its function
with neat sketches.
(b) A centrifugal pump is to be used to extract water from a condenser in which
the vacuum is 640 mm of Hg. At the rated discharge the net positive suction
head must be at least 3.0m above the cavitation vapour pressure of 710 mm
Hg. If losses in a suction pipe account for a head of 1.5 m. What must be the
least height of the liquid level in the condenser above the pump inlet.
(c) Discuss briefly about centrifugal pumps. [5+6+5]
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Code No: 07A12301 Set No. 2
I B.Tech Regular Examinations, May/Jun 2008
PROCESS ENGINEERING PRINCIPLES
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. (a) Describe the membrane separation process.
(b) What are the various polymeric materials that can be used as membranes in
the membrane separation process? [8+8]
2. (a) A steel container has a volume of 200 m3. It is filled with nitrogen at 220C and
atmospheric pressure. If the container valve is opened and the container heated
to 2000C. Calculate the fraction of the nitrogen which leaves the container.
(b) Distinguish between density and specific gravity.
(c) i. Convert 1 poise to British Engineering units and SI units.
ii. Convert 1 kw to h.p.
iii. Convert 36 mg to grams. [5+5+6]
3. State and prove Bernoulli’s theorem for incompressible fluid and indicate the cor-
rections necessary for its applications. [16]
4. Enumerate Newtons law of viscosity. Explain the importance of viscosity in fluid
motion. What is the effect of temperature on viscosity of water and that of air?
[16]
5. (a) Briefly explain Reynold’s number and its importance.
(b) Distinguish between laminar flow and turbulent flow Write briefly on the fol-
lowing:
i. Friction factor chart
ii. Velocity distribution in laminar flow
iii. Velocity distribution in turbulent flow. [6+5+5]
6. A regenerative heater is packed with a bed of 6 mm cubes. The cubes are poured
into the cylindrical shell of the regenerator to a depth of 3.5 m such that the bed
porosity was 0.44. If air flows through this bed entering at 25oC and 7 atm abs and
leaving at 200oC, calculate the pressure drop across the bed when the flow rate is
500 kg/hr per square meter of empty bed cross section. Assume average viscosity
as 0.025 cP and density as 6.8 kg/m3. [16]
7. (a) Water flows through an orifice of 15 mm diameter in a 75 mm at a rate of
600 cm3/sec. What is the difference in level on a water manometer connected
across the orifice? The discharge co-efficient may be taken as 0.62 and the
viscosity of water is 1Cp, and density is 1000Kg/m3.
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Code No: 07A12301 Set No. 2
(b) How does a U- tube manometer function and derive an expression for P.
[8+8]
8. (a) Discuss in detail the construction and working of a centrifugal pump.
(b) Explain the performance curve of a centrifugal pump. [8+8]
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Code No: 07A12301 Set No. 3
I B.Tech Regular Examinations, May/Jun 2008
PROCESS ENGINEERING PRINCIPLES
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. (a) How are bio-chemical reactions different from chemical reactions?
(b) Briefly explain the steps in development of a complete bioprocess for commer-
cial manufacture of a new recombinant DNA derived product. [8+8]
2. By electrolysing a mixed brine, a mixture with the following percentage composition
(by weight) is obtained at the cathode: Cl2 = 67%; N2 = 28% and O2 = 5%. Using
ideal gas law, calculate the following:
(a) Composition of the gas by volume.
(b) Density of the mixture in kg/m3 at 300C and 720 mm Hg.
(c) Specific gravity of the gas mixture (air = 1.0). [5+5+6]
3. Briefly explain the following fluid properties
(a) Surface tension
(b) Capillary rise
(c) Specific weight
(d) Compressibility
(e) Bulk modulus. [16]
4. Define Viscosity. With a neat sketch explain the principle and working of plate and
cone viscometer. [16]
5. (a) Derive Hagen-Poiseuille equation. Explain the significance of the equation.
(b) Derive relations for Reynolds number and friction factor. [10+6]
6. (a) A packed bed of catalyst consisting of spherical particles of 150μ m diameter
is subjected to fluidization by using oil of density 900 Kg/m3. If the density
of the particle be 2500 Kg/m3. Determine the mass flow rate of oil per unit
area of bed to initiate fluidization. Porosity of bed =0.48, Dynamic viscosity
of oil is 0.003 Pa.s. Assume flow condition to be laminar.
(b) Explain term “Terminal settling velocity” of a particle. [10+6]
7. (a) Derive flow equation for venturimeter.
(b) Discuss about the importance and application of vinturi meter in bioprocess
industries. [8+8]
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Code No: 07A12301 Set No. 3
8. (a) Write shortnotes on
i. Water hammer, and
ii. Net positive suction head.
(b) Plot a graph to explain the characteristics of centrifugal pump? [8+8]
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Code No: 07A12301 Set No. 4
I B.Tech Regular Examinations, May/Jun 2008
PROCESS ENGINEERING PRINCIPLES
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. (a) Describe the membrane separation process.
(b) What are the various polymeric materials that can be used as membranes in
the membrane separation process? [8+8]
2. (a) An empirical equation for calculating the inside heat transfer coefficient, hi,
for the turbulent flow of liquids in a pipe is given by:
hi = 0.023 G0.8K0.67C0.33
p /D0.2μ0.47
where hi = heat transfer coefficient, Btu/(hr)(ft)2(0F)
G = mass velocity of the liquid, lbm/(hr)(ft)2
K = thermal conductivity of the liquid, Btu/(hr)(ft)(0F)
Cp = heat capacity of the liquid, Btu/(lbm)(0F)
m = Viscosity of the liquid, lbm/(ft)(hr)
D = inside diameter of the pipe, (ft).
i. Verify if the equation is dimensionally consistent.
ii. What will be the value of the constant, given as 0.023, if all the variables
in the equation are inserted in SI units and hi is in SI units.
(b) Write the dimensions for the following in S.I.
i. kg/m3
ii. N/ m3
iii. Watt
iv. J/kg
v. m.m.kg.m.s/s.m3.kg.
(c) Convert 80 degree celcius into degree fahreinheit and 120 degree fahreinheit
into centigrade celcius.
(d) Calcium carbonate is a naturally occuring white solid used in the manufacture
of lime and cement. Calculate the number of lb mols of calcium carbonate in:
i. 50 g mol of CaCO3.
ii. 150 kg of CaCO3.
iii. 100 lb of CaCO3. [4+4+4+4]
3. (a) Water at 60oC is pumped from a reservoir to the top of a mountain through a
15 cm pipe at a velocity of 3.5 m/s. The pipe discharges into the atmosphere
at a level of 1000 m above the level in the reservoir. The pipe itself is 1500
m long. If the overall efficiency of the pipe is 65 %. Calculate the power
requirement?
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Code No: 07A12301 Set No. 4
(b) Explain the concept of hydrostatic pressure. [12+4]
4. Describe the concept of velocity profiles of a fluid in between two plates, one is
stationary and the other moving with the velocity u. [16]
5. (a) Briefly explain Reynold’s number and its importance.
(b) Distinguish between laminar flow and turbulent flow Write briefly on the fol-
lowing:
i. Friction factor chart
ii. Velocity distribution in laminar flow
iii. Velocity distribution in turbulent flow. [6+5+5]
6. (a) Derive relations for Reynolds number and friction factor and establish the
Ergun equation for single-phase flow of fluid through packed bed.
(b) A mixture of vapors pass through a packed bed of glass spheres having density
2.4 g/cc each of diameter 0.5 cm. The pressure drop due to the flow is 4000
N/m2. The height of packed bed is 1.85 m. The density and viscosity of the
vapor mixture are 3.8 ×10−3 g/cc and 0.015 cP respectively.
Data:
Cross sectional area of the packed column tube = 0.09 m2
Bed porosity = 0.4
Find the mass flow rate of the vapor mixture. [8+8]
7. A differential manometer is used to measure the pressure drop in a pipeline con-
veying methane gas at 20oC and 1 atm pressure. The two liquids in the differential
manometer are kerosene (specific gravity 0.82) and water. The inside diameter of
the reservoirs and the U-tube manometer are 5cm and 0.5cm respectively. If the
reading in the manometer is 15cm, calculate the pressure difference indicated, when
the change in levels in the reservoir
(a) is neglected and
(b) is taken into account. [8+8]
8. (a) Briefly explain the situation under which vane pumps are used.
(b) Explain the construction and working of reciprocating pump and rotary pump.
[8+8]
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POSTED BY VAGDEVI AT 9:51 AM 0 COMMENTS
LABELS: PROCESS ENGINEERING PRINCIPLES
REACTIONS:
PROCESS ENGINEERING PRINCIPLES-RO5 SUPLLY 2K8
Code No: R05012305 Set No. 1
I B.Tech Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2008
PROCESS ENGINEERING PRINCIPLES
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. (a) Distinguish between the unit operations: filtration and centrifugation.
(b) Compare and contrast between oxidation and reduction. [8+8]
2. (a) What is gravitational force constant (gc) explain its importance with the CGS
units and dimensions.
(b) Define poundal and pound weight. How are they related? What are the
dimensions and units of this conversion factor. [8+8]
3. (a) Find the rate of water draining through a nozzle (2.0 cm dia. ) at the bottom
of a storage vessel. The water level is kept constant at a level of 5 m above
the nozzle.
(b) Write on the application of Bernoullis equation. What are the limitations?
(c) State continuity equation. [8+5+3]
4. (a) Distniguish between Newtonian and non Newtonian fluids by their shear stress
shear rate behaviour. Illustrate with sketches.
(b) State any two 2 parameter models for describing a non Newtonian fluid. Briefly
write on Bingham fluid. [8+8]
5. (a) Write Hagen-Poiseuille equation and explain the terms mentioned in it.
(b) Derive a relation between average velocity and maximum velocity for laminar
flow through pipes. [4+12]
6. What is minimum fluidization velocity? Derive an expression for calculating mini-
mum fluidization velocity. [16]
7. Give a brief explanation on flow measuring systems. [16]
8. (a) Define and explain briefly volumetric efficiency?
(b) Write the working procedure of peristaltic pumps. [5+11]
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Code No: R05012305 Set No. 2
I B.Tech Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2008
PROCESS ENGINEERING PRINCIPLES
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. (a) Distinguish between the unit operations: filtration and centrifugation.
(b) Compare and contrast between oxidation and reduction. [8+8]
2. (a) State the dimensions and S.I. units of the following: normality, work, viscosity
and power.
(b) The rate of enzymatic reaction (V, gm/cc. min,) with substrate concentration
(S, gm/cc,) by the following b) Michaelis relation:
V = Vm (S) / ( K + S )
where Vm is maximum reaction rate ,a constant, and K another constant.
What are the units of K and Vm? What will be the equivalent value of K in
SI system if the same in CGS system is .3 ? [8+8]
3. (a) Water is draining through a nozzle (2.5 cm dia.) at the bottom of a storage
vessel. Find the rate of water to be added so that the level is kept constant
at a level of 3 m above the nozzle.
(b) Apply Bernoullis equation for flow of fluid through converging nozzle (diameter
ratio (0.5) and obtain the expression for pressure difference. What are the
limitations? [8+8]
4. (a) With the help of neat sketch write on the principles of rheology.
(b) Draw the plots of shear stress vs shear rate diagrams for pseudoplastic and
dilatant fluids. Define apparent viscosity and explain its variation.
(c) A Newtonian fluid of μ = 0.8 cp is held over an infinite plate. A plate of
30 cm by 30 cm placed on the upper surface of fluid at a vertical distance of
0.03 cm is moved with constant velocity of 30 cm per sec. Calculate the force
required. [5+5+6]
5. A liquid with a specific gravity of 2.6 and viscosity 2.0cp flows through a smooth
pipe of unknown diameter, resulting in a pressure drop of 0.183psi for 1.73m inch.
What is the pipe diameter if mass flow rate is 7000kg/hr? [16]
6. Explain the significance of packed bed columns (reactors) in immobilized catalyst
(enzyme) reactors. [16]
7. Give a brief explanation on flow measuring systems. [16]
8. (a) On the basis of one extremely useful parameter useful, how can a pump be
selected?
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Code No: R05012305 Set No. 2
(b) Give the specifications of any pump. [8+8]
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Code No: R05012305 Set No. 3
I B.Tech Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2008
PROCESS ENGINEERING PRINCIPLES
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. (a) Explain briefly on the following : heat flux, momentum flux, mass diffusivity
(b) Acetone diffuses into air from an open cylindrical cup of 15 cm diameter. In
a particular case the level of acetone decreased by 4 cm in 10 minutes. The
specific gravity of acetone is 1.36. Calculate the mass flux. [8+8]
2. (a) What is gravitational force constant (gc) explain its importance with the CGS
units and dimensions.
(b) Define poundal and pound weight. How are they related? What are the
dimensions and units of this conversion factor. [8+8]
3. (a) What is the purpose of pump work in the fluid mechanics?
(b) Derive an expression, using Bernoullis equation for estimating the pump work
in a real situation (including efficiency and friction). [6+10]
4. (a) Define absolute, reduced and apparent viscosity terms . State the units in
CGS and SI systems.
(b) Briefly write on the viscosity of a fermentation broth suspension.
(c) Write on capillary viscometer for determining the viscosity. [5+3+8]
5. Explain the boundary layer concept with relative diagram and examples. [16]
6. Spherical particles 1mm in diameter are to be fluidized with water at twice the
minimum velocity. The particles have an internal porosity of 40%, an average pore
diameter of 10μm and a particle density of 1.5gm/cm3. Prove that the flow through
the internal pores is very small compared to the flow between the particles and that
the internal porosity can be neglected if prediction the fluidization behavior. [16]
7. What are monitoring systems, Explain? [16]
8. It is proposed to pump 10,000kg/hr of toluene at 1140C and 1.1 atm absolute pres-
sure from the re-boiler of a distillation tower to a second distillation unit without
cooling the toluene before it enters the pump. If the friction loss in the line be-
tween reboiler and pump is 7kN/m2 and the density of toluene is 866kg/m3, how
far above the pump must the liquid level in the reboiler be maintained t give a net
positive suction head of 2.5m? [16]
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1 of 1
Code No: R05012305 Set No. 4
I B.Tech Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2008
PROCESS ENGINEERING PRINCIPLES
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. (a) Distinguish between the unit operations: filtration and centrifugation.
(b) Compare and contrast between oxidation and reduction. [8+8]
2. (a) What is the difference between the two types of force units kg wt and Newton?
How are they defined?
(b) Explain the importance of the interrelation factor between the two. [8+8]
3. (a) What is a compressible fluid?
(b) With the help of a line sketch describe a simple manometer.
(c) Show that in a simple inclined tube manometer :
P = Ri (ρA - ρB) sin θ Where P is the pressure difference; Ri is the level
difference of liquid in the manometer measured along the inclined tube ; ρA
and ρB are the densities of the manometric fluid and fluid flowing respectively
and θ is the angle of inclination of the tube to horizontal. [3+6+7]
4. (a) Enumerate Newton’s law of viscosity giving a neat sketch.
(b) Draw the plots of shear stress vs shear rate diagrams for Newtonian and Bing-
ham fluids explain the significance of the yield stress.
(c) Two infinite plates are separated by a fluid layer of 0.025 cm Calculate the
shear stress on the stationary bottom plate when the upper plate is moved
with constant velocity of 40 cm per sec. Assume viscosity of fluid , μ = 0.8cp
.What are the assumptions. [5+5+6]
5. (a) Derive the shear stress distribution for flow through a horizontal pipe.
(b) Give the relation between Skin friction and Wall shear. [11+5]
6. Explain Drag and drag coefficient giving all the relations and equations. [16]
7. Show that for incompressible flow the losses per unit weight of fluid between the
upstream section and throat of a venturimeter are
KV2
2/2g if K = { (1/Cv)2} { (1 - (D2/D1))4} . [16]
8. It is proposed to pump 10,000kg/hr of toluene at 1140C and 1.1 atm absolute pres-
sure from the re-boiler of a distillation tower to a second distillation unit without
cooling the toluene before it enters the pump. If the friction loss in the line be-
tween reboiler and pump is 7kN/m2 and the density of toluene is 866kg/m3, how
far above the pump must the liquid level in the reboiler be maintained t give a net
positive suction head of 2.5m? [16]
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Code No: R05012305 Set No. 4
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POSTED BY VAGDEVI AT 9:50 AM 0 COMMENTS
LABELS: PROCESS ENGINEERING PRINCIPLES
REACTIONS:
PROCESS ENGINEERING PRINCIPLES-SUPPLY 2K8-07A
Code No: 07A12301 Set No. 1
I B.Tech Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2008
PROCESS ENGINEERING PRINCIPLES
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. Write short notes on:
(a) Specific cake resistance
(b) Equivalent cake thickness
(c) Filter aid
(d) Factors that effect the filtration rate. [4+4+4+4]
2. (a) Find the molecular formula of butyric acid containing 54.5% carbon, 36.4%
oxygen and 9.1% hydrogen, if the density of its vapour relative to hydrogen is
44.
(b) Find the molecular formula of substance containing 93.75% C and 6.25 % H2
if the density of the substance relative to air is 4.41. [8+8]
3. Briefly explain the following fluid properties
(a) Surface tension
(b) Capillary rise
(c) Specific weight
(d) Compressibility
(e) Bulk modulus. [16]
4. (a) If the velocity distribution of a fluid over a plate is given by u=(3/4)y-y2 where
u is the velocity in metre per sec at a distance of y meters above the plate,
determine the shears stress at y=0.15 meters.
Take the dynamic viscosity of the fluid as 8.5×10−5 kg-sec/m.
(b) Classify the types of fluid. [8+8]
5. (a) Derive Hagen-Poiseuille equation. Explain the significance of the equation.
(b) Derive relations for Reynolds number and friction factor. [10+6]
6. (a) Derive Erguns equation for determining the pressure drop through a packed
bed and briefly discuss the application.
(b) Draw the drag curves for regular and irregular solid and discuss. [8+8]
7. (a) With neat diagrams enumerate two types of manometers and mention their
applications.
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Code No: 07A12301 Set No. 1
(b) Explain with neat sketch gate valve and globe valve. [8+8]
8. (a) Draw the characteristic curves for a centrifugal pump.
(b) What is a positive displacement pump? Describe the working of any one type
with neat sketch. [8+8]
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Code No: 07A12301 Set No. 2
I B.Tech Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2008
PROCESS ENGINEERING PRINCIPLES
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. What are the various unit operations that are involved in downstream processing?
Explain each one of them. [16]
2. A solution contains 40% by weight of ethyl alcohol and 60% by weight of water at
300C and 1 atm. Its specific gravity is 0.938. Calculate the following:
(a) The mole fraction
(b) The normality of the solution
(c) The molarity of the solution and
(d) The molality of the solution. [5+5+6]
3. Define hydrostatic equilibrium. Express mathematically the condition of hydrosta-
tic equilibrium. [16]
4. (a) If the velocity distribution of a fluid over a plate is given by u=(3/4)y-y2 where
u is the velocity in metre per sec at a distance of y meters above the plate,
determine the shears stress at y=0.15 meters.
Take the dynamic viscosity of the fluid as 8.5×10−5 kg-sec/m.
(b) Classify the types of fluid. [8+8]
5. Write briefly on the following :
(a) Friction factor chart
(b) Velocity distribution in laminar flow
(c) Velocity distribution in turbulent flow
(d) Indicate the difference between skin friction and form friction. [4+4+4+4]
6. (a) A mixture of vapors pass through a packed bed of glass spheres having density
2.4 g/cc each of diameter 0.5 cm. The pressure drop due to the flow is 405
kgf/m2. The height of packed bed is 1.85 m. The density and viscosity of the
vapor mixture are 3.8 ×10−3 g/cc and 0.015 cP respectively.
Data:
Cross sectional area of the packed column tube = 0.09 m2
Bed porosity = 0.4
Find the mass flow rate of the vapor mixture. Is the bed fluidized?
(b) Explain the use of friction factor. [8+8]
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Code No: 07A12301 Set No. 2
7. Draw neat sketch of orificemeter and explain its construction and working princi-
ples. [16]
8. (a) Write short notes on:
i. Water hammer, and
ii. Net positive suction head.
(b) Plot a graph to explain the characteristics of centrifugal pump? [8+8]
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2 of 2
Code No: 07A12301 Set No. 3
I B.Tech Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2008
PROCESS ENGINEERING PRINCIPLES
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. (a) Describe a continuous pressure filter.
(b) Describe the working of leaf filter. [8+8]
2. The composition of a gas mixture by weight is given as Cl2 = 70%, H2 = 20% and
O2 = 8%. Using ideal gas law, calculate
(a) Composition of the gas mixture by volume %.
(b) Density of gas mixture in kg/m3 at 300C and 730 mm Hg.
(c) Specific gravity of the gas mixture. [5+5+6]
3. State and prove Bernoulli’s theorem for incompressible fluid and indicate the cor-
rections necessary for its applications. [16]
4. (a) What is meant by shear thinning and shear thickening fluids?
(b) Differentiate between
i. liquid and gases.
ii. Real fluid and ideal fluids.
iii. Specific weight and specific volume of a fluid. [4+6+6]
5. (a) Define compressible and incompressible flow.
(b) What is the relationship between pressure and density of a compressible fluid
for
i. Isothermal process and
ii. Adiabatic process.
(c) Derive the contuinity equation for one dimensional compressible flow in dif-
ferential form. [2+6+8]
6. 7000 kg/hr of air, at a pressure of 7 atm and a temperature of 127oC is to be passed
through a cylindrical tower packed with 2.5 cm Berl saddles. The height of the bed
is 6 m. What minimum tower diameter is required, if the pressure drop through
the bed is not to exceed 500 mm of mercury?
For Berl saddles, p = (1.65 ×105 Z V1.82
s ρ 1.85 )/D1.4
p
where p is the pressure drop in kgf/cm2, Z is the bed height in meter, ρ is the
density in g/cc, Dp is nominal diameter of Berl saddles, Vs is the superficial linear
velocity in m/sec. [16]
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Code No: 07A12301 Set No. 3
7. (a) Explain indetail about the plug clock values and ball values in process indus-
tries.
(b) What are the importance of check values in process industries and explain its
working? [8+8]
8. (a) With the help of neat sketch explain the operation of a centrifugal pump.
(b) State the principle and applications of air lift and diaphragm pumps with a
neat sketch. [8+8]
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Code No: 07A12301 Set No. 4
I B.Tech Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2008
PROCESS ENGINEERING PRINCIPLES
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
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1. (a) What are upstream and downstream processes? Explain the mechanical Cell
disruption methods in detail.
(b) What are the various filtration equipments used in bioprocess industries? Ex-
plain the rotary drum filter in detail. [8+8]
2. (a) A steel container has a volume of 200 m3. It is filled with nitrogen at 220C and
atmospheric pressure. If the container valve is opened and the container heated
to 2000C. Calculate the fraction of the nitrogen which leaves the container.
(b) Distinguish between density and specific gravity.
(c) i. Convert 1 poise to British Engineering units and SI units.
ii. Convert 1 kw to h.p.
iii. Convert 36 mg to grams. [5+5+6]
3. State and prove Bernoulli’s theorem for incompressible fluid and indicate the cor-
rections necessary for its applications. [16]
4. (a) If the velocity distribution of a fluid over a plate is given by u=(3/4)y-y2 where
u is the velocity in metre per sec at a distance of y meters above the plate,
determine the shears stress at y=0.15 meters.
Take the dynamic viscosity of the fluid as 8.5×10−5 kg-sec/m.
(b) Classify the types of fluid. [8+8]
5. (a) Describe Reynolds experiment to demonstrate the two types of flow.
(b) Water at room temperature flows through a smooth straight pipe A of internal
diameter 4cm at an average velocity of 42 cm/sec. Oil flows through another
pipe B of internal diameter 12.5 cm at such a velocity that dynamic similarity
exists between the two streams. Calculate the velocity through pipe B. (Spe-
cific Gravity of oil = 0.85, viscosity of oil = 2 cp and viscosity of water = 1
cp.) [8+8]
6. From the first principles derive Ergun’s equation for the determination of pressure
drop in a packed tower and briefly discuss the application. [16]
7. (a) Explain indetail about the plug clock values and ball values in process indus-
tries.
(b) What are the importance of check values in process industries and explain its
working? [8+8]
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Code No: 07A12301 Set No. 4
8. (a) Discuss in detail the construction and working of a centrifugal pump.
(b) Explain the performance curve of a centrifugal pump. [8+8]
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